2nd Research Paper 1st Half Word

2nd Research Paper 1st Half Word 2nd Research Paper 1st Half Word Nothing happens without the reason... The world nowadays has become so busy and selfish that even the human values, which were important in the 20th century, have changed dramatically and departed to the backburner in 21st century. This happens because parents don't have enough time for their children; they have new priorities in their lives, such as money, career, and business. That's why today children are placed under the responsibility of schools, kindergartens, and daycares instead of the responsibilities of their own parents. It is one of the reason why the diseases like obesity are so common in this days. Lack of taking care in general, and the lack of care, including diet particularly, lead to the diseases like obesity. To be obese means to be above one's normal weight. A person has traditionally been considered as obese if he or she has more than 20% over their ideal weight. According to Green, Hargrove, and Riley, in recent years the percentage of obesity in elementary sc hool students grew exponentially and reached epidemic proportion over the past three decades with rates tripling. We can't change the parents priorities in a short period of time, but instead we can change kids habits, which are related to eating processes, particularly in schools, because children are getting a lot of habits in schools. We all agree that childhood obesity needs to be stopped. I believe that by replacing the products from unhealthy with healthy items inside of vending machines, and by changing the hours of availability to these machines, we can come a little closer to resolving the problem of childhood obesity. The problem of obesity had become a serious problem for the U.S. by the late 1970s. Scott Barbour reported that in those years the overall percentage of obese children aged 6-11 years was only 6.5, as reported by National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). That was the lowest rate of this disease which increased in recent years. Since that time the U.S. Department of Agriculture was more concentrated on reducing children's sugar intake than on the problem of obesity. That's why this particular organization didn't pay attention to the level of calories, saturated fat, and sodium content when they changed breakfast and lunch programs in the schools based on to the problems with the high sugar level in children. Later, in 1983 the problem of obesity manifested itself. In the 21st century, by the beginning of 2000s NHANES did the same analysis, and the results were worse. The prevalence of obesity increased from 6.5% to 17.0%. This studies in 2000s also showed that children who have a predisposition to obesity in 80% of cases will be overweight and obese at age 25 years. According to Green, Hargrove, and Riley, The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported that more than 16 percent of children from 5 to 10 years of age are overweight or/and obese. Also, very interesting research, conducted by NHANES in 2010, found that the percentage depended on the race of kids. These results shocked everybody. The study found in children from 6 to 11 years old, 22 percent of Hispanic children, 14 percent of non-Hispanic, and 20 percent of African American children were overweight. By 2012, as Green, Hargrove, and Riley reported, more than 23 million U.S. children are either obese or overweight, and the medical costs that are associated with childhood obesity in 2008-2009 were around 71 billion dollars. It is clear that the problem of obesity and has increased over the last years from the problem of individual families to a national problem. The problem of obesity became so serious and dangerous problem for the whole nation, so everybody should at least try to think about some solutions. It was the first reason why I am concerned about this problem. The second reason is about the future. I'm 26 years old; I'm thinking about my future, and about the kids that I want to have. My grandmother told me the gold phrase

Precambrian - The Timeline of Biological History

Precambrian - The Timeline of Biological History The Precambrian (4500 to 543 million years ago) is a vast period of time, nearly 4,000 million years long, that began with the formation of the Earth and culminated with the Cambrian Explosion. The Precambrian accounts for seven-eighths of our planets history. Numerous important milestones in the development of our planet and the evolution of life occurred during the Precambrian. The first life arose during the Precambrian. The tectonic plates formed and began shifting across the surface of the Earth. Eukaryotic cells evolved and the oxygen these eary organisms exhaled collected in the atmosphere. The Precambrian drew to a close just as the first multicellular organisms evolved. For the most part, considering the immense length of time encompassed by the Precambrian, the fossil record is sparse for that time period. The oldest evidence of life is encased in rocks from islands off of western Greenland. Theses fossils are 3.8 billion years old. Bacteria that is more than 3.46 billion years old was discovered in Western Australia. Stromatolite fossils have been discovered that date back 2,700 million years. The most detailed fossils from the Precambrian are known as the Ediacara biota, an assortment of tubular and frond-shaped creatures that lived between 635 and 543 million years ago. The Ediacara fossils represent the earliest known evidence of multicellular life and most of these ancient organisms appear to have vanished at the end of the Precambrian. Although the term Precambrian is somewhat outdated, it is still widely used. Modern terminology disposes of the term Precambrian and instead divides the time before the Cambrian Period into three units, the Hadean (4,500 - 3,800 million years ago), the Archean (3,800 - 2,500 million years ago), and the Proterozoic (2,500 - 543 million years ago).

Data Collection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data Collection - Coursework Example inesses collect data in order to, analyze their performance, know their number of clients, understand customers characteristics and behavior, conduct the market share, and have a succinct projections of the future performance of the business amongst others. Therefore it is one of the core elements within the research and development unit of a business. During our sixth lesson (organizational performance measure), we analyzed four main performance measures which includes; input (resources required in carrying out a program), process (cost of resources per the unit of the expected output), output (work completed or the services provided by the injected input), and outcome which is the whether the customer needs and the program objects are met). In providing an expanded discussion on data collection, the paper will adopt the input performance measure. Input refers to the amount of the resources that is either required or available to produce an outcome and output. It is usually expressed as the amount of funds that is needed for an implemented of a program or project. They facilitate the creation of an output. They include the equipment, cost of labor, utilities, building space, supplies, materials and overhead among others. The measures of input give information on resources such as the financial budget and the people that are available in the execution of various processes that delivers an output. This is a type of data collection used in assessing the performance of the organization. They are also used in the organizational capacity perspective by the employees. It is one of the fundamental ways in obtaining factual data and information on the changes in status and clients behavior especially after they have completed a service. Before an input is ordered for the completion of a particular task, it is important that a survey is conducted so that the best is obtained to facilitate the goal achievement. The objectives can only be achieved when the best inputs are

Business law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business law - Term Paper Example In this instance, Christopher has to fulfill the condition precedent that is the prerequisite for him to be awarded the inheritance. Luckily, he was already employed as a Marketing Liaison Officer in one of the local hotels in the city. He immediately took possession of the beautiful house left in his care and all the assets that went with it. The first evening he was alone, he decided to watch a film in the Sunnie 60† flat screen television. He was shocked as he turned on the TV when he saw that there was an ugly discoloration on the entire face of the screen, which looked like large blotches of ink thrown at the TV. He checked the records pertaining to the television, and he found out that it was purchased within six months for $5,000.00. He is aware of the warranties that go with the television unit. He browsed over the shrink-wrap agreement that he found in one of the drawers in the office. The shrink-wrap agreement is usually attached in the box of the unit, the contents o f which probably had not been discussed with the buyer. He discovered the conditions of the services that may be rendered for the unit bought and the terms of the warranties. To make it look more official, the conditions are written in various languages, and in very fine prints, to discourage the purchaser from reading it. The following morning, he complained to the dealer of Sunnie, which is the Sunrise Appliance Store, and he was told that the store could not honor the warranties in this instance because the problem was caused by excessive use of the unit. They can repair it, but they would have to charge the cost in the amount of $2,200.00. They pointed out under section E found in the shrink-wrap agreement, that it said, â€Å"Excessive use is specifically not covered by any warranty.† Christopher was quick to anger. Luckily he brought his lawyer with him.

Radio Control Office Essay Example for Free

Radio Control Office Essay The first radio regulatory office was known as the Radio Construction and Maintenance Section under the Telegraph Division of the Bureau of Posts. This section was charged with the enforcement of radio laws and regulations, particularly the provisions of Act No. 3396, known as the Ship Radio Station Law which was enacted on December 5, 1927. This law provides for the installations of radio obligatory for ships of Philippine register to protect life and property at sea. On November 11, 1931, the Philippine Legislature enacted Act No. 3846, known as the Radio Control Law of the Philippines.Section 8 of the law provides that the Secretary of Commerce and Communications is hereby authorized to create a Radio Regulation Section, Division or Office which shall take charge of carrying out the provisions of this Act and the regulations prescribed by him, to any bureau or office of his Department, subject to his general supervision and control. Thus, the Radio Control Division in the Bureau of Posts was created under the Secretary of Commerce and Communications. In 1939, the Department of National Defense was organized pursuant to Executive Order No. 230. It was realized then that the functions of supervising and regulating the establishment and operation of all radio stations in the country were important to national defense and security. Consequently, the Radio Control Division was transferred to the Department of National Defence. Pursuant to Executive Order No. 94, series of 1947, the Department of Commerce and Industry was created. The Radio Control Division was again transferred from the Department of National Defense to the Department of Commerce and Industry. The reason for the transfer was that in time of peace, the function of radio regulations was a vital factor in the promotion of commerce and industry and in the economic development of the country. On January 1, 1951, by virtue of the provisions of Executive Order No. 392, the Radio Control Board were transferred to the Department of Public Works and Communications. Actually, The Radio Control Division and the Radio Control Board were two distinct agencies with separate functions. The Division was charged with the supervision and regulation of the establishment and operation of all radio stations in the country. On the other hand, the Board implemented the provisions of the Radio Broadcasting Law, Act No. 3997, regarding the administration of the national radio broadcasting fund derived from radio receiver registration fees collected by the BIR, and the purchase, distribution, and installation of radio receivers to fourth and fifth class municipalities, municipal districts, barrios and selected government institutions. In the Department of Public Works and Communications, the Radio Control Division was under the supervision of the Radio Control Board. In 1956, R.A. No. 1476 was enacted, abolishing the radio receiver registration fees in effect also abolished the Radio Control Board. The Radio Control Division remained and continued to fuction under the Office of the Secretary of Public Works and Communications. On August 23, 1962, Department Order No. 51 was issued by the Secretary, Department of Public Works and Communications, changing the name of the Radio Control Division to Radio Control Office. As provided in the Integrated Reorganization Plan of 1972, the Radio Control Office was retained and assumed the functions relative to the supervision and enforcement of policies, rules and regulations involving telecommunications. The Office, which was later named on July 1, 1974, as the Telecommunications Control Bureau, was headed by a Director who was assisted by an Assistant Director. The Office had four divisions and district offices, the number and locations of which were determined on the basis of necessity and effectiveness of the service. Board of Communications The Board of Communications, which was created under the Integrated Reorganization law of 1972, was the first quasi-judicial body with the adjudicatory powers on matters involving telecommunication services. The Board was composed of a full-time chairman who was of unquestioned integrity and recognized prominence in previous public and/or private employment; and two full-time members who were competent in all aspects of communications, preferably one of whom was a lawyer and the other an economist. The Director of the Radio Control Office and a senior representative of the Institute of Mass Communication of the University of the Philippines were made ex-oficio members. It may be noted that the regular members of the board were experts on telecommunications. The Chairman must have previous employment on telecommunications, and the other two full-time members must be competent on all aspects of communications, preferably one of whom was a lawyer and the other an economist. The reason f or this organizational set-up is aptly stated in the Integrated Reorganization Plan which states that: Since technical and economic determinants will govern decisions with respect to economic regulation, the expertise involved should be strongly reflected on the composition of the body so that it can adequately review, revise, and decide on proposals and applications. The Board itself must also have the capability to adequately review, revise, and decide on all aspects under its coverage from both technical and economic points of view. Knowledge of the economic consideration involved must be coupled with the ability to distinguish, detect, and resolve possible conflicts with the corresponding technical considerations. The Board of Communications was attached to the Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications for administrative supervision. According to the IRP, the DPWTC was in direct possession of facts and situational appraisals inherent in its role in the fields of communications. Adjudicative Boards operating under its umbrella would thus have direct access to the substantive bases for decision. The National Telecommunications Commission By virtue of Executive Order No. 546 dated July 23, 1979, the Telecommunications Control Bureau and the Board of Communications were abolished and have been integrated into a single entity now known as the National Telecommunications Commission. It is composed of a Commissioner and two Deputy Commissioners, preferably one of whom is a lawyer and another an economist. The Commissioner and Deputy Commissioners should be of unquestioned integrity, proven competence, and recognized experts in their fields, related as much as possible to communications. The integration of the TCB and BOC into a single entity has for its purpose the effective and unified control and supervision of communications facilities and services. Executive Order No. 546 has also created the Ministry of Transportation and Communications which has administrative jurisdiction over the National Telecommunications Commission. Pursuant to Executive Order No. 125 as amended by Executive Order No. 125-A dated April 13, 1987, the National Telecommunications Commission is now an attached agency of the Department of Transportation and Communications (Sec.14). The Philippines National Telecommunications Commission (Filipino: Pambansang Komisyon sa Telekomunikasyon), abbreviated as NTC, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Commission on Information and Communications Technology responsible for the supervision, adjudication and control over all telecommunications services throughout the Philippines.

Justice in Platos Republic and Hobbes Leviathan Essay -- Politics Phi

One of the main concepts in both Plato's Republic and Hobbes' Leviathan is justice. For Plato, the goal of his Republic is to discover what justice is and to demonstrate that it is better than injustice. Plato does this by explaining justice in two different ways: through a city or polis and through an individual human beings soul. He uses justice in a city to reveal justice in an individual. For Hobbes, the term justice is used to explain the relationship between morality and self-interest. Hobbes explains justice in relation to obligations and self-preservation. This essay will analyze justice specifically in relation to the statement ? The fool hath said in his heart, there is no such thing as justice? Looking at Hobbes? reply to the fool will demonstrate that his main goal was to declare what people ought to do when interacting with others and what can be expected in return for that behaviour. By analyzing the Republic, it will be shown that Plato would most likely differ w ith the statement made by the fool because the main of premise the book in itself is to discover the definition of justice. To understand Hobbes? reply to the fool, one must first define justice according to Hobbes. He believes that justice is men performing their covenants made and the constant will of giving every man his own. A covenant is a part of a contract, or ?mutual transferring of right, in which at least one of the parties ?is to perform in time to come?. Hobbes maintains that it is never against reason to complete a covenant when man has the security that others will also perform covenants made with him. However, the problem that arises from forming covenants is that just because people enter into a covenant to perform some actio... ...ing so he also showed that there is such a thing a justice within a city as well as in an individual. Thus, Plato?s reply to the fool would be that indeed there is such a thing as justice. And justice is good because it benefits in this life as well as the next. Therefore, even though a man may wish to behave unjustly when he can, as with the myth of the ring of Gyges, behaving justly will have the most rewards. Both Plato and Hobbes present different views of justice in reply to the fool. Plato, claiming one should be just because it is good in itself, where as Hobbes claims being just is good for the pursuit of self-interest or preservation. Despite the difference of opinion on justice between the two philosophers, it is clear that the fool?s statement has been refuted. For there is such a thing as justice despite the differences in how the term is defined.

Learning Experience

Learning Experience PSY/211 July 26, 2012 Daysi Brown Learning Experience Many Americans have fears of all kinds. One fear is roller coasters. Individuals who have this type of fear may also have the fear of heights and how high the drop is on a loop or how fast the coaster goes. They have the feeling as if they are going to fall if up too high or how queasy their stomach may feel with the thought of approaching the big loop. This type of behavior can come from something as little as tripping off a curb or falling off a bike which triggers them to be afraid or fearful of anything that is high up.When it comes to individuals with the fear of roller coaster there is something in the mind telling them that they are too high up which makes them fearful of the coaster or just the thought of getting on and actually riding The classical conditioning type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about a r esponse. The learning experience of this type of conditioning is to overcome the fear by trying to find ways to be able to ride the roller coaster.Another way is to research and find ways to help with the feeling of heights and the fear of roller coasters There are ways that to help with this fear by trying to figure out the natural response of the feeling of riding the coaster. Operant conditioning is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened of weakened, dependent on its favorable or unfavorable consequences. The experience of this conditioning is to have a feeling

Speech Essay

When at the age Of eight Emma was considered bossy simple because she wanted to direct a production, later her girlfriends no longer wanted to participate in sports due to masculinity, and at age 18, her male friends could not express their feelings. Even after her experiences, she has realized that feminism has diminished in meaning. The introduction of the speech had a great attention getter because Emma pointed out a problem that is usually towards girls, and was asking for help of the audience. While she was introducing the topic, she did not really preview any main points, but only stated the thesis and purpose.In this speech, she is informing the audience on how she was able to speak for this problem she stated, â€Å"l was appointed six months ago and the more I have spoken about feminism the more I have realized that fighting for women's rights has too often become synonymous with man hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop. † The audience in at this event had an equal amount of women and men. The transitions in this conclude introducing the campaign (Hovers) and owe it needs to be addressed and brought to attention to the population.Once she inform the problem, she then went on to the era of feminism; and how feminism has become a word that is unpopular to the culture around us. The term is considered an â€Å"uncomfortable† word stated by Watson. More and more women have not been choosing to indemnify themselves as feminist due to the remarks made on feminists today. After going on about women's liberation she then discussed why there needs to be gender equality, and what could happen in the future generations if it continued to go any further. The topic of this speech could legitimately make a big impact if it were to follow through.Equal rights should be brought to attention, and Emma gives a good dialogue of the situation. â€Å"Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and wo men should feel free to be strong†¦ It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum not as two opposing sets of ideals. If we stop defining each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by what we are-?we can all be freer and this is what Hovers is about. It's about freedom. † (Watson) Watson shapes great persuasive points throughout he whole speech. It is time for the men and women of the world to be treated the same.Men should not feel the discomfort of being vulnerable, and women should not be judged or fear the want of being strong. Many people do not realize the different stereotypes that are given to men, and that are seen on a daily basis. When is it the turn for men to be able to feel comfortable in their own skin without being judged for what should be happening? As stated in the speech, â€Å"If men do not have to be aggressive in order to be accepted women won't feel compelled to be submissive. If men o not have to control, women will not hav e to be controlled.In this speech Emma W. Uses, the speech spoken Hilary Clinton to help support her statements. The speech was given in 1 995 and in Beijing about women's rights, and how the changes that she wanted back then are still a reality today. Another one of the sources included the depth of how men cannot seem to want to ask for help when It is needed. For example, in the UK suicide is the largest killer amongst men varying from the ages of 20-49. Moreover, why is that? It is because men are afraid to ask for attention for the season that it will take away from their masculinity.I now understand why Emma wants this to be something everyone should be aware of, and how it needs to end. In this speech, it very much caught my attention especially since every main point had a strong body to go with it to support it. In my opinion, Emma was a great choice to speak for this campaign. It seemed that this subject was a sensitive matter, and she was able to connect with the audience to express her views. In conclusion, I believe that Emma Watson had a great persuasive input on her outlook on gender equality. Speech Essay When at the age Of eight Emma was considered bossy simple because she wanted to direct a production, later her girlfriends no longer wanted to participate in sports due to masculinity, and at age 18, her male friends could not express their feelings. Even after her experiences, she has realized that feminism has diminished in meaning. The introduction of the speech had a great attention getter because Emma pointed out a problem that is usually towards girls, and was asking for help of the audience. While she was introducing the topic, she did not really preview any main points, but only stated the thesis and purpose.In this speech, she is informing the audience on how she was able to speak for this problem she stated, â€Å"l was appointed six months ago and the more I have spoken about feminism the more I have realized that fighting for women's rights has too often become synonymous with man hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop. † The audience in at this event had an equal amount of women and men. The transitions in this conclude introducing the campaign (Hovers) and owe it needs to be addressed and brought to attention to the population.Once she inform the problem, she then went on to the era of feminism; and how feminism has become a word that is unpopular to the culture around us. The term is considered an â€Å"uncomfortable† word stated by Watson. More and more women have not been choosing to indemnify themselves as feminist due to the remarks made on feminists today. After going on about women's liberation she then discussed why there needs to be gender equality, and what could happen in the future generations if it continued to go any further. The topic of this speech could legitimately make a big impact if it were to follow through.Equal rights should be brought to attention, and Emma gives a good dialogue of the situation. â€Å"Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and wo men should feel free to be strong†¦ It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum not as two opposing sets of ideals. If we stop defining each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by what we are-?we can all be freer and this is what Hovers is about. It's about freedom. † (Watson) Watson shapes great persuasive points throughout he whole speech. It is time for the men and women of the world to be treated the same.Men should not feel the discomfort of being vulnerable, and women should not be judged or fear the want of being strong. Many people do not realize the different stereotypes that are given to men, and that are seen on a daily basis. When is it the turn for men to be able to feel comfortable in their own skin without being judged for what should be happening? As stated in the speech, â€Å"If men do not have to be aggressive in order to be accepted women won't feel compelled to be submissive. If men o not have to control, women will not hav e to be controlled.In this speech Emma W. Uses, the speech spoken Hilary Clinton to help support her statements. The speech was given in 1 995 and in Beijing about women's rights, and how the changes that she wanted back then are still a reality today. Another one of the sources included the depth of how men cannot seem to want to ask for help when It is needed. For example, in the UK suicide is the largest killer amongst men varying from the ages of 20-49. Moreover, why is that? It is because men are afraid to ask for attention for the season that it will take away from their masculinity.I now understand why Emma wants this to be something everyone should be aware of, and how it needs to end. In this speech, it very much caught my attention especially since every main point had a strong body to go with it to support it. In my opinion, Emma was a great choice to speak for this campaign. It seemed that this subject was a sensitive matter, and she was able to connect with the audience to express her views. In conclusion, I believe that Emma Watson had a great persuasive input on her outlook on gender equality.

Old and New Architecture in Vienna, Austria

Old and New Architecture in Vienna, Austria Vienna, Austria, by the Danube River, has a mixture of architecture representing many periods and styles, ranging from elaborate Baroque-era monuments to a 20th century rejection of high ornamentation.  The history of Vienna, or  Wien as its called, is as rich and complicated as the architecture that portrays it. The city doors are open to celebrate architecture - and anytime is a great time to visit. Being centrally located in Europe, the area was settled early on by both the Celts and then the Romans. It has been the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and the  Austro-Hungarian Empire. Vienna has been invaded both by marauding armies and medieval plagues. During the Second World War, it ceased to exist completely as it was enveloped by Nazi Germany. Yet today we still think of Vienna as the home of the Strauss waltz and the Freudian dream. The influence of Wiener Moderne or Vienna Modern architecture on the rest of the world was as profound as any other movement in history. Visiting Vienna Perhaps the most iconic structure in all of Vienna is the Gothic St. Stephans Cathedral. First begun as a Romanesque cathedral, its construction throughout the ages displays the influences of the day, from Gothic to Baroque all the way up to its patterned tile roof. Wealthy aristocratic families like the Liechtensteins may have first brought the ornate Baroque style of architecture (1600-1830) to Vienna. Their private summer home, the Garden Palais Liechtenstein from 1709, combines Italian villa-like details on the outside with ornate Baroque interiors. It is open to the public as an art museum. The Belvedere is another Baroque palace complex from this time period, the early 1700s. Designed by Italian-born architect Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt (1668-1745), Belvedere Palace and Gardens is popular eye-candy for the Danube River cruise-taker. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740, is perhaps responsible for bringing Baroque architecture to the ruling class of Vienna. At the height of the Black Plague pandemic, he vowed to build a church to St. Charles Borromeo if the plague would leave his city. It did, and the magnificent Karlskirche (1737) was first designed by Baroque master architect Johann Bernard Fischer von Erlach.  Baroque architecture reigned during the time of Charles daughter, Empress Maria Theresa (1740-80), and her son Joseph II (1780-90). Architect Fischer von Erlach also designed and rebuilt a country hunting cottage into a summer royal getaway, the Baroque Schà ¶nbrunn Palace. Viennas Imperial Winter Palace remained The Hofburg. By the mid-1800s, the former city walls and military enforcements that protected the city center were demolished. In their place, Emperor Franz Joseph I launched a massive urban renewal, creating what has been called the most beautiful boulevard in the world, the Ringstrasse. Ring Boulevard is lined with over three miles of monumental, historically-inspired neo-Gothic and neo-Baroque buildings. The term Ringstrassenstil is sometimes used to describe this mix of styles. The Museum of Fine Arts and the Renaissance Revival Vienna Opera House (Wiener Staatsoper) were constructed during this time.  Burgtheater, Europes second-oldest theater, was first housed in Hofburg Palace before this new theater was built in 1888. Modern Vienna The Viennese Secession movement at the turn of the 20th century launched a revolutionary spirit in architecture. Architect Otto Wagner (1841-1918) combined traditional styles and Art Nouveau influences. Later, architect Adolf Loos (1870-1933) established the stark, minimalist style we see at The Goldman and Salatsch Building. Eyebrows raised when Loos built this modern structure across from the Imperial Palace in Vienna. The year was 1909, and the Looshaus marked an important transition in the world of architecture. Yet, the buildings of Otto Wagner may have influenced this modernist movement. Some have called Otto Koloman Wagner the Father of Modern Architecture. For certain, this influential Austrian helped move Vienna from Jugendstil (Art Nouveau) into 20th-century architectural practicality. Wagners influence on the architecture of Vienna is felt everywhere in that city, as noted by Adolf Loos himself, who in 1911 is said to have called Wagner the greatest architect in the world. Born on July 13, 1841 in Penzig near Vienna, Otto Wagner was educated at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna and Kà ¶nigliche Bauakademie in Berlin, Germany. He then went back to Vienna in 1860 to study at the Akademie der bildenden Kà ¼nste (Academy of Fine Arts), graduating in 1863. He was trained in the Neoclassical fine art style that was ultimately rejected by the Secessionists. Otto Wagners architecture in Vienna is stunning. The distinctive tiled facade of the Majolika Haus makes this 1899 apartment building desired property even today. The Karlsplatz Stadtbahn rail station that once  inked urban Vienna with its growing suburbs in 1900 is so revered an example of beautiful  Art Nouveau architecture that it was moved piece by piece to a safer venue when the railroad upgraded. Wagner ushered in modernism with the Austrian Postal Savings Bank (1903-1912) - the Banking Hall of the Ãâ€"sterreichische Postsparkasse also brought the modern banking function of paper transactions to Vienna. The architect returned to Art Nouveau with the 1907 Kirche am Steinhof or Church of St. Leopold at Steinhof Asylum, a beautiful church designed especially for the mentally ill. Wagners own villas in  Hà ¼tteldorf, Vienna best express his transformation from his neoclassical training to Jugendstil. Why is Otto Wagner Important? Art Nouveau in Vienna, a new art known as Jugendstil.Vienna Secession, founded in 1897 by a union of Austrian artists, Wagner was not a founder but is associated with the movement. The Secession was based on the belief that art and architecture should be of its own time and not a revival or imitation of historic forms such as Classical, Gothic, or Renaissance. On the Secession exhibition hall in Vienna are these German words: der zeit ihre kunst (to every age its art) and der kunst ihre freiheit (to art its freedom).Vienna Moderne, a transitional time in European architecture. The Industrial Revolution was offering new construction materials and processes, and, like architects of the Chicago School, a group of artists and architects in Vienna were finding their way to what we consider Modernity. Architecture critic Ada Louise Huxtable has described it as a time full of genius and contradiction, characterized by a kind of bipolar architecture of simple, geometric designs adorned with fanciful Jugendstil ornamentation. Moderne Architektur, Wagners 1896 book on modern architecture continues to be studied.Urban Planning and Iconic Architecture in Vienna:   The Steinhof Church and the Majolikahaus are even pictured on coffee mugs available to purchase as souvenirs. Otto Wagner, Creating Iconic Architecture for Vienna The same year Louis Sullivan was suggesting a form follows function in American skyscraper design, Otto Wagner was describing aspects of modern architecture in Vienna in his translated declaration that something impractical cannot be beautiful. His most important writing is perhaps the 1896 Moderne Architektur, in which he asserts the case for Modern Architecture: A certain practical element with which man is imbued today simply cannot be ignored, and ultimately every artist will have to agree with the following proposition: Something impractical cannot be beautiful. - Composition, p. 82 All modern creations must correspond to the new materials and demands of the present if they are to suit modern man. - Style, p. 78 Things that have their source in modern views correspond perfectly to our appearance....things copied and imitated from old models never do....A man in a modern traveling suit, for example, fits in very well with the waiting room of a train station, with sleeping cars, with all our vehicles; yet would we not stare if we were to see someone dressed in clothing from the Louis XV period using such things? - Style, p. 77 The room that we inhabit should be as simple as our clothing....Sufficient light, a pleasant temperature, and clean air in rooms are very just demands of man....If architecture is not rooted in life, in the needs of contemporary man...it will just cease to be an art. - The Practice of Art, pp. 118, 119, 122 Composition also entails artistic economy. By this I mean a moderation in the use and treatment of forms handed down to us or newly created that corresponds to modern ideas and extends to everything possible. This is especially true for those forms that are considered high expressions of artistic feeling and monumental exaltation, such as domes, towers, quadrigae, columns, etc. Such forms, in any case, should be used only with absolute justification and sparingly, since their overuse always produces the opposite effect. If the work being created is to be a true reflection of our time, the simple, the practical, the - one might almost say - military approach must be fully and completely expressed, and for this reason alone everything extravagant must be avoided. - Composition, p. 84 Todays Vienna Todays Vienna is a showplace of architectural innovation. Twentieth-century buildings include  Hundertwasser-Haus, a brilliantly colored, unusually shaped building by Friedensreich Hundertwasser, and a controversial glass and steel structure, the 1990 Haas Haus by Pritzker Laureate Hans Hollein. Another Pritzker architect took the lead converting the century-old and historically protected industrial buildings of Vienna into what today is known as  Jean Nouvel Buildings Gasometers Vienna  - a massive urban complex with offices and shops that became adaptive reuse on a grand scale. In addition to the Gasometer project, Pritzker Laureate Jean Nouvel has designed housing units in Vienna, as have the Pritzker winners Herzog and de Meuron on Pilotengasse.  And that apartment house on the Spittelauer Lnde? Another Pritzker Laureate, Zaha Hadid. Vienna continues to make architecture in a big way, and they want you to know that Vienna’s architecture scene is thriving. Sources The Dictionary of Art Vol. 32, Grove, Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. 760-763Vienna Moderne (November 26, 1978), Architecture, Anyone? by Ada Louise Huxtable, University of California Press, 1986, p. 100Modern Architecture by Otto Wagner, A Guidebook for His Students to This Field of Art, edited and translated by Harry Francis Mallgrave, The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1988 (translated from the 1902 third edition)

Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction

Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction Over the entire 4.6 billion year history of the Earth, there have been five major mass extinction events. These catastrophic events completely wiped out large percentages of all of the life around at the time of the mass extinction event. These mass extinction events shaped how the living things that did survive evolve and new species appear. Some scientists also believe we are currently in the middle of the sixth mass extinction event that could last for a million years or more. The Fourth Major Extinction The fourth major mass extinction event happened around 200 million years ago at the end of the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era to usher in the Jurassic Period. This mass extinction event was actually a combination of smaller mass extinction periods that happened over the final 18 million years or so of the Triassic Period. Over the course of this extinction event, it is estimated more than half of the known living species at the time completely died out. This allowed dinosaurs to thrive and take over some of the niches left open due to the extinction of species that had previously held those types of roles in the ecosystem. What Ended the Triassic Period? There are several different hypotheses on what caused this particular mass extinction at the end of the Triassic Period. Since the third major mass extinction actually is thought to have occurred in several small waves of extinctions, it is entirely possible that all of these hypotheses, along with others that may not be as popular or thought of as of yet, could have caused the overall mass extinction event. There is evidence for all of the causes proposed. Volcanic Activity:Â  One possible explanation for this catastrophic mass extinction event is unusually high levels of volcanic activity. It is known that large numbers of flood basalts around the Central America region occurred around the time of the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction event. These enormous volcano eruptions are thought to have expelled huge amounts of greenhouse gases like sulfur dioxide or carbon dioxide that would quickly and devastatingly increase the global climate. Other scientists believe it would have aerosols expelled from these volcanic eruptions that would actually do the opposite of the greenhouse gases and end up cooling the climate significantly. Climate Change:Â  Other scientists believe it was more of a gradual climate change issue that spanned the majority of the 18 million year time span attributed to the end of the Triassic mass extinction. This would have led to changing sea levels and even possibly a change in the acidity within the oceans that would have affected species living there. Meteor Impact: A less likely cause of the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction event may be attributed to asteroid or meteor impact, much like what is thought to have caused the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction (also known as the K-T Mass Extinction) when the dinosaurs all went extinct. However, this is not a very likely reason for the third mass extinction event because there has been no crater found that would indicate it could create devastation of this magnitude. There was a meteor strike that dates to about this time period, but it was rather small and is not thought to have been able to cause a mass extinction event that is thought to have wiped out more than half of all living species on both land and in the oceans. However, the asteroid impact may have very well caused a local mass extinction that is now attributed to the overall major mass extinction that ended the Triassic Period and ushered in the beginning of the Jurassic Period.

Technologies and Predictions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Technologies and Predictions - Essay Example This has actually created a heated debate amongst technicians and experts regarding the future of technologies. The prime objective of this essay is to explore and analyze the future predictions and developments in the technology. However, this essay has narrowed its focus on three particular technologies of television, robotics, and electric cars. Starting with a brief introduction of each technology, the essay will present the predictions; explain the basis of these predictions followed by the impacts of these technological developments. According to Britannica encyclopedia, â€Å"television is an electronic system for transmitting still or moving images and sound to receivers that project a view of the images on a picture tube or screen and recreate the sound† (Jensen & Toscan, pp. 41-49, 1999). Without any doubts, most of the 20th century was the century of television because the impact it created was beyond the thoughts and expectations of anyone. The first televisions used the cathode ray tube technology, received analog signals, and were monochrome. However, it was during the mid 1900’s when color television came into the market. Likewise, since the 1990’s it have been the high definition televisions (HDTV), flat panel display systems and 3D television systems, which have ruled the scene. There is a lot of buzz in the market regarding the new technological development in this field called as organic light emitting diode (OLED) which is ready and about to land in the markets. The next few years, this technology would probably rule the market. Made from organic polymers and having a thin conductor in between. Moreover, they do not need backlights to form the image, which means that their size is the thinnest in the market and so flexible that one can even roll it like a T-shirt. Another development that the market is long

International strategic management ( answer the 2 exam questions) Essay

International strategic management ( answer the 2 exam questions) - Essay Example da Motor Company, it seems that the company had been following a â€Å"glocalisation† strategy since mid 1980s in order to internationalise its business segments giving more focus on local markets. However, the company has recently brought a strategic change in its global market operations, according to which the Honda sets up its own wholly owned subsidiaries across the globe. To illustrate, referring to Aylward (2003), Honda established its wholly owned subsidiary in India in 1999 under the name Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India and announced plans on cancelling the joint venture with its Indian partner Hero. This strategic change is supported by the performance comparison framework, which tells that stockholders expect more revenues as time goes by (Lecture note). In addition, the company has abandoned its traditional manufacturing policies, and adapted to a new manufacturing policy called ‘Lean manufacturing system’ by the end of the 20th century. The lean manu facturing strategy would produce maximum level of output with minimum level of inventory. Also, this strategy would avoid production waste. Strategic change approaches illustrate that a change process involves three phases including strategic planning, project management, and operationalistion. Today, governments worldwide encourage foreign direct investments as it is one of the best measures to promote economic growth. This trend is particularly seen in emerging economies like India and China. Since Honda is a globally recognised company and a potential employment provider, governments tend to welcome the organisation on the belief that Honda can add value to the nation’s industrial and economic status. In addition, since globalisation has eliminated cross border trade barriers, organisations enjoy easy access to foreign markets. At this juncture, the Honda management thinks that the strategic change would provide them with more operating freedom and innovation capabilities. While analysing the