God And Religion Shaped My Life - 2218 Words

To fully understand how God and religion have shaped my life, you would need to understand a little bit more about me and my past. My parents divorced when I was two and my mom remarried by the time I was 3, my ex-step dad’s family went to a local Christian Church and for the most part I really enjoyed their services, we went every Sunday, participated in other Church activities and attended Church camp in the summers and as a family we worshiped the Lord, and as a family, we lived our life through the Lord. However, when my mom found out her husband had participated in an affair that had lasted more than half of their marriage, they divorced. I was about nine and because we attend his family Church we stopped attending, as you can imagine it was uncomfortable for everyone involved. My mom had found a new Christian Church and it was amazing, they played Christian Rock and the pastor had long hair. Church was on Sunday and youth group was on Wednesday, it quickly became my favo rite day and activity. However, it only lasted until my teenage years, I had been drifting in and out of trouble, hanging out with kids that I shouldn’t have been with and definitely not the kind of kids you run into at Church and through all the hard, awkward middle school moments â€Å"those† kids had my back, the mislead and troubled kids accepted me for me, in a way my church friends never had. Many of â€Å"those† kids, came from homes like I had and they didn’t judge my shortcomings, but mostly I didn’tShow MoreRelatedReligion And Its Impact On Society951 Words   |  4 Pages Religion to me is a set of beliefs and practices that can determine actions in everyday life by determining morals and deciding what is right and wrong in each society. This is a general idea that I believe has guided societies for centuries and has shaped today’s cultures. As we study cultures around the world, we can find significant influential factors datin g back to a prominent religion that shaped the ideals of culture telling the people what is deemed acceptable practice and behavior and whatRead MoreThe Parable Of The Sower By Octavia Butler955 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity, a religion that she identified with her whole life and creates a new religion known as Earthseed. Earthseed is a naturalistic way of faith, based on the idea that God is changeable, therefore life, too, could change. Lauren Olamina creates Earthseed because she believes that it is what her people need in order to not only alter their chaotic and misguided ways, but to live a pro-active and positive life. At least three years ago, my father’s God stopped being my God. His church stoppedRead MoreHow Do You Feel Race, Ethnicity, Social Class, And Religion846 Words   |  4 Pagesfeel race, ethnicity, social class, and religion has shaped you and your family lives? Whether we take notice or not these aspects of our childhood and today’s life contributed to our viewpoint about different parts of the world. Also, the way your family interacted with you and others is determined in a way by these key points. My race, social class, ethnicity, and religion have helped mold me into the young adult I am, beliefs, and values I hold today because my understanding of who I am provides meRead MoreWhat Defines Your Worldview? Essay857 Words   |  4 Pagesworldview. The three components that make up my worldview are God, knowledge, and ethics, because they shaped my thoughts, experiences, education, and my life decisions. The basic idea of whether there is a God or not is very abstract. It is impossible to prove that no God exists and it is for that reason that it is not considered a scientific concept. My God is a Christian God. God is everything around me including myself and my family. My experiences with God are that I put faith in Him daily and goRead MoreReligious Affiliation As A Choice998 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Episcopal church, God has always been a part of my life. As I have grown up, however, I have continuously assessed my religiosity regarding my faith. Using the book’s definition, I believe my religiosity is subtle yet traditional. But when it comes to my own beliefs, there are several factors that have shaped the way I perceive God, faith, religion, and their role in my life. Growing up in the Episcopal church, I have always had a sort of â€Å"relaxed† understanding of God and His teachings. BeginningRead MoreDurkheim s Vision Of Religion1604 Words   |  7 PagesReligion is one of the biggest functions in our society. (Kabamba, September 23) Religious rituals are also taught from the time one is born. Religion does not have to be one specific sect or group of people but religion is defined by the beliefs of the people and their ideologies. Beliefs in this day and age range on a continuum from having a God or higher being who is in charge of their lives to the other end of that continuum that there is no belief in a higher power or God. Emile Durkheim’sRead MoreOranges Are Not The Only Fruits By Jeanette Winterson1420 Words   |  6 Pagesan ‘autobiographical account of the struggle for self-identification and self-recovery’ ( Botescu Sireteanu 2007:78). In this essay working class identity and religiosity will be explored. Can we identify a person by their working class or their religion? Throughout the novel class, identity and religiosity has been explored in a variety of ways. Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit combines the experience of discovering one’s sexuality with the struggle to build a personal identity. In Winterson novelRead MoreMy Life Experience And My Outlook Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pages At this point in my life, as a person retiring out of an industry, and going back to school for a second career, my outlook is certainly different than it was when I was in college 23 years ago. I think that is primarily from life experiences, and having particular life experiences along my journey. I loved the philosophy class as it seemed to help me answer some of those questions that were lingering in the back of my head for years. And if it did not answer the questions, it certainly gaveRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Ancient Greece1107 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Greece Annotated Bibliography Ancient Greece was the birth place of many sciences, famous philosophers and the arts. A time where humans where constantly discovering many different things, forming new ideas and opinions about life each and every day. Various gods ruled these different city states. Mythology was very huge in Ancient Greece. There are so many different folktales and myths from Ancient Greece. Do you ever wonder if any of those ancient Myth’s were true? Ever believe that thoseRead MoreEssay about Shaping My Morality693 Words   |  3 Pagescompletely understood my own morality, I know I did not create it alone. For example, my parents illustrated the importance of kindness and finding my own personal beliefs about God. Additionally, my friends have taught me to not take small problems too seriously. Moreover, attending private school has caused me to trust in the safety of the world around me. As a teenager, my outward influences have greatly affected my morality and views about the world around me. Throughout my life my parents have taught

Stereotypes And Racial Profiling On Society s Perception...

For decades, Americans have been associating young black men with stereotypes that affiliate them with violence. These stereotypes, which are based purely off of appearances, have caused many young black males to face violent, unnecessary, as well as unjust encounters with white police officers. As the number of deaths among young black men increase because of police brutality, society should change how they perceive these men in order to prevent inflicting more harm to them. Specific cases, such as the cases of Freddie Gray, Oscar Grant, Trayvon Martin, and several others, will be presented in order to display how the distortion of the stereotypes can cause incredible harm to young black men due to police violence in addition to how stereotypes affect society’s perception of all young black men. Stereotypes, culture, and racial profiling all contribute to the way society recognizes and behaves towards certain social groups. Black males are often stereotyped as more aggressive and dangerous than white males who exhibit similar, or even greater, aggressive behaviors than them. Unfortunately, the stereotypes of how young black males pose a greater threat than people of other races originate from multiple sources such as the way the news and media portray them and even in the kind music derived from their culture, such as rap and hip-hop music, because of the violent and foul language present in them. Lisa A. Harrison and Cynthia Willis-Esqueda, psychologist from the UniversityShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On Society1811 Words   |  8 Pagesworld with a media saturated culture. This is the era of digital news services, of 24-hour news channels, free newspapers, and even media based applications. For the majority of us, the way in which we learn about the world outside our personal perception is through the consumption of news, mainly still through broadcast or print (OFCOM 2007). Various forms of media has fed the public statistics that created a sense of stereotyping for each particular race. For example, the media and those on filmRead MoreRacism And Its Effects On Young Black Males3146 Words   |  13 Pageshad a powerful negative force in society. There have been many efforts made to relieve racism. Racism is still present in America, although many people are doing their best to put a stop to racism and its somewhat devastating effects on young black males in society. â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view... Until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it.† (Lee) The negative stereotypes and racial profiling that Americans hand down from generationRead MoreA Color Problem in a Post Racial Nation Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesIt appears that the color of your skin whether it be black, white, brown, red, or yellow doesn’t matter in America anymore. One might assume that this statement is a plausible one, given the fact that we have a male â€Å"African American† president, and America is now considered to be a â€Å"Post-Racial Nation† (Rush Limbaugh, 2010), where skin color is no longer an inhibiting factor. The truth of the matter is that race has most certainly played a significant factor in America’s history since the earlyRead MoreThe Concept Of Post Racial 1952 Words   |  8 PagesPaper Draft The concept of â€Å"Post Racial† America is certainly a preposterous idea that does not exist. Different degrees of racism is seen throughout the U.S, however regardless of the intensity, racism has and will always exist. Americans belief that we live in a society where racism no longer exist is a serious impediment on the progression of America. The first problem with modern racism is living in a color blinded society where people believe in post racial America. The second is our humanisticRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of African Americans1909 Words   |  8 Pagesstereotyping. Stereotypes are cognitive structures that contain the perceiver s knowledge, beliefs, and expectations about human groups (Green). Stereotypes have been proven to affect young adolescents. Media depicts African Americans in stereotypical ways that negatively affect self-esteem, therefore all media outlets should display African Americans in a more realistic and rational way. The type of prejudice that affects African Americans the most is based on racial grounds. Racial stereotypes are â€Å"constructedRead MoreThe For The Home Office3173 Words   |  13 Pagesdifferent academics such as Omi and Winant (1986) who developed the Racial Formation theory, a theory that claimed that race is something that is fluid, where the racial order is organized and enforced by the continuity and reciprocity between micro-level and macro-level of social relations (p.67), which suggest that race is determined by how we interact with others and the social structures and common ideologies of a society (p.66-67). Whilst anthropologists follow a different discourse of raceRead MoreRacial Profiling And Native Americans2187 Words   |  9 Pages Racial Profiling and Native Americans Keith A. Kuhn Criminology 410-005 9 October 2014 Introduction When you hear the words â€Å"police racial profiling† your mind may automatically jump to images of white cops stopping young black men in expensive cars, the Rodney King beatings, or even the Rev. Al Sharpton giving a deposition about racial tensions. This is because those images are the hot-button, go-to stories that media often bombards the six o’clock news with. As Americans, weRead MoreA Cross Cultural Perspective Can Enrich Our Understanding Of Classic And Current Research3379 Words   |  14 Pagesdiscrimination, stereotypes, if you can name it this race has experience it but the big question is why and how did these negative biases develop. There are a lot of myths out there about black people but, which ones are actually true. Over the years, the African American community has been overwhelmed with myths that just continue as the years go on. At some point, people need to ask themselves,† How can all black people be lazy if they’re all extremely athletic? Or, how can all black people spendRead MoreStereotypes: Black Men are Prono to Violence1705 Words   |  7 PagesPeople from black communities are undoubtedly overrepresented in the forensic mental health system, this anomaly is impacted heavily by the fact that the system seriously disadvantages black people within their remit (Narco, 2007; Department of Health, 2003). African-Caribbean people are more likely to receive coercive forms of care, spend longer in hospital and experience greater rates of transfer to higher security facilities (NIMHE, 2003 cited in Vige, 2005). Figures show that, at each heightenedRead MoreAmerica s Post Racial Racism Essay2072 Words   |  9 PagesRallying Germans to action required conditioning via propaganda. Propaganda in all forms of media helped radically shift the German perspective, not only to identifying themselves as superior to all other races, but also to viewing non-Germans and non-Eastern Europeans in subhuman ways with devast ating results. While America has done away with distinct, polarizing forms of racial propaganda in its seedy history of racial oppression, more subtle yet equally damaging forms of propaganda have taken its

Applied Theories for Critique of Political Economy -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about th Applied Theories for Critique of Political Economy. Answer: Introduction The discussion for the following essay is the Marxs account of history. Karl Marx has been one of the greatest political figures and reformers and philosophers who through his works have revolutionized the Russian and world history at the same time. At the Karl Marx, the world needed a world of history and he knew he had to provide it because he understood the problems within the world and the revolutionaries (Samuel 2016). In this context, Karl Marx had brought out his new theory of History in his preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy in the year 1859. New theory of history The topics Marx had chosen to deal with were related to the social class and the relation with the people by means of production. He described that men had to enter into social relations which are definite. These relations are created in relation to the social production. The economic structure of the society is built around the totality of the relations of production. These things are very much relevant when one discusses about the social relations and its connectivity with history (Resnick and Richard 2013). The production that the material life gives is in close relation with the social, political and intellectual lives of the human beings. Marx had also asserted the fact of the importance of psychological consciousness in the lives of the human beings. The people can understand about these things in the context of the social class only (Resnick and Richard 2013). Marx has discussed that historical change in the society can only occur in the context of the conflict and contradiction among the social people and their relations (Ritzer and Jeffrey 2017). Marx had depicted in his description that at a certain time of the development, the material production forces meet with conflicts and contradictions with the society on the basis of the current relations regarding to the productions. The era of the social revolution begins at a time when the relations with the productive forces of the society turn to their fetters (Ritzer and Jeffrey 2017) Importance of psychology and economics There is a huge importance of psychology and economics in the context of the social history and its change (Rabin 2013). Marx has described that when one studies about the social and moral transformations, one should always keep in mind the distinction between the material transformations of the economic conditions of production. There are several parameters that can identify these economic conditions like legal, political, religious, artistic and philosophic regimes. The social change becomes clear when the people become conscious of those conflicts and they fight to establish their own viewpoints. These economic changes gradually lead to the overall transformation of the overall infrastructure of the society (Rabin 2013). Marx has said time and again that the economics should not be neglected in these issues because he has spent a large time of his life in the British Library while collecting the economic data about the social changes that influence the historical changes as well. He exclaimed that any of the social orders cannot be destroyed if the productive sources in the society have been properly developed (Bloch 2013). He said that new superior relations could be developed in the social changes in the historical contexts. However, the older relations regarding to production cannot be replaced by the newer ones in terms of production. The nature of the mankind is to set such tasks that can be done only. It has b3en found in this context that the problems can be arisen only when the material solutions for the problematic condition will be present (Bloch 2013). The rise of Capitalism It has been argued by Marx that the capitalism can do much harm to the society while it can bring in new changes as well (Acemoglu and James 2015). He has considered that after socialism, the capitalism is at the advent of emerging as the new controlling system in the society and has the ability of influencing the society at a larger level. The revolutionary transformation into socialism is at the horizon with the advent of capitalism (Acemoglu and James 2015). Karl Marx has also asserted the fact that the several ideologies like Asiatic, ancient, feudal and the modern bourgeois classes have shown several ways to amend the social conditions by a huge rate and pushing the economic development of the society. He described the mode the bourgeois class followed over the years for production in the social context was an antagonistic one. This antagonistic view is not the kind of individual antagonism but it is the one that rises from the individual social condition existence of the human beings. The contradictory part in this is that the fact that productive forces that are developed within the bourgeois society also sets up the material conditions for the solution of antagonism (Debord 2012). Stages of history In his writings, Karl Marx has shown the several things in the depiction of history in the context of social revolution. He had exclaimed at the beginning of the each stage a new class would be born in the society and this would bring a downfall for the society (Berlin 2013). However, this downfall cannot be depicted as something negative but it should gain the mankind a huge share of benefit in the progress of it. These things or especially the changes would bring in class conflicts among the people (Berlin 2013). In the first stage (primitive communism) there are three aspects such as shared property, hunting and gathering and proto-democracy. In the second stage (slave society) the social production aspects are related to class, statism, agriculture, democracy and authoritarianism and private property. The third stage is called the feudalism where the most important aspects are aristocracy, theocracy, hereditary classes and nation-state (Berlin 2013). Conclusion This essay can be concluded by saying that Karl Marx has depicted several social perspectives related to history and he has showcased the initial stages of change of the social history. The social history is very much subject to change and the different stages are there through which the transformations take place. These various aspects are very much important to connect the changes in social history so the theory of history of Karl Marx is extremely important in this regard as well. References Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson. 2015 "The rise and decline of general laws of capitalism."The Journal of Economic Perspectives29, no. 1 (2015): 3-28. Berlin, Isaiah. 2013Karl Marx. Princeton University Press. Bloch, Maurice. 2013.Marxism and anthropology: the history of a relationship. Routledge. Debord, Guy. 2012.Society of the Spectacle. Bread and Circuses Publishing. Rabin, Matthew. 2013 "An approach to incorporating psychology into economics."The American Economic Review103, no. 3 (2013): 617-622. Resnick, Stephen A., and Richard D. Wolff. 2013. Class theory and history: Capitalism and communism in the USSR. Routledge. Ritzer, George, and Jeffrey Stepnisky. 2017Modern sociological theory. SAGE Publications. Samuel, Raphael, 2016 ed.People's History and Socialist Theory (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.

Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Essay Example

Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Essay Three of the most revered philosophers in ancient philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates was regarded as the father of philosophical inquiry known and popular for the â€Å"Socratic method† which has been the start of the formulation of scientific method. It was a method of looking for answers through continues questioning of what was the problem really is. Plato, on the other hand, is considered by most historians and philosophers alike to be the disciple of Socrates. Aristotle had been the disciple of Plato, though their ideas greatly varied, for Aristotle was the first political philosopher while Plato focus on â€Å"perfect states†. Logic and Argument in Philosophy Socrates was believed to be the â€Å"inventor of logic and reason†, for it was him who had first devise a method of searching for the truth, although he was also popularized and even executed for being a â€Å"corruptor of the youth†. Socrates believes that the same or those with â€Å"family resemblances† should have a common name or to be called in a more general world. Plato’s reasoning, takes resemblances as a copy or an imitation of a â€Å"perfect concept†. Plato believes that there exist two worlds, the world of ideas and the practical world. The world of ideas is perfect while the world of forms is imperfect and is only imitations of the world of ideas. Ideas came first before forms. Aristotle on the other hand, believes that our world is the reality. Logic, as was used by Aristotle is a device in which we came to know something. In Plato’s ideas, we came to know things through a recollection of the ideas that the soul have experienc e the world of ideas.   Aristotle was known as the founder of categorical logic, in which he argues that things have common features go together, this as we can see is the same as the notion made by Socrates. Although Plato have made attempts to establish a system that could be of deductive logic or reasoning in his book the â€Å"sophist†, nevertheless he did not succeed. We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates, Plato and Aristotle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates, Plato and Aristotle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates, Plato and Aristotle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Knowledge and Methods of Acquiring Knowledge As discuss above, the acquisition of knowledge made by Socrates was through a method now known to be the Socratic Method. In the view of knowledge, Socrates, mentions as can be read in the dialogues of Plato, that â€Å"the only thing he was certain is that he new nothing†. This is the only knowledge that he posses. Plato believes that knowledge is the same as perception, however, Socrates do not take this same stand, Socrates insist that there were knowledge that can be gain even without sense-perception, such as the knowledge of the virtues. As what was said above, knowledge for Plato is a result of the â€Å"recollection†. Aristotle was known to distinguish knowledge as truth. Unlike Plato who believes that our world is only an imperfect manifestation or copy of the world of ideas, Aristotle believes that there is only one world where ideas are contained in the objects themselves. Love Socrates associates love with virtuous, doing morally upright demonstrate the action of love. The greatest love that a man could experience is the love for knowledge, in which philosophy came from. Love for Plato was also inclined to the â€Å"love of wisdom† although; Plato specifically concluded that love is a madness that came from the Gods; this is what he calls the heavenly love which he distinguishes apart from the common love or lust. While Socrates and Plato concerns themselves with love as expression towards another people, Aristotle conceptualized love in the notion of self-love wherein the person is pursuing virtues. Although he also recognize the fact that a justifiable self-love comes in the form of love of wisdom or love that would lead to the person’s internal happiness. Existence Socrates was skeptic with existence especially when relating existence with knowledge. HE argues that there are things which we cannot perceive but are actually non-existent such as goodness and justice. What we can are manifestations of these, but do we actually see them, or do we interpret them to be such. Plato believes that everything in the world changes, that the world does so in able to become closer to the â€Å"Perfect Form†. Aristotle on the other hand tried to prove existence through the four causes of existences and changes, which includes the material cause or the material from which a certain thing is made of, the formal cause or the model from which something was formed, the efficient cause or the maker and the final cause which is the potentiality that the things have. Conclusion The philosophies of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle served as the foundation of modern philosophy or way of thinking. Their inquiries have been so diverse but merely focus on proving why things came to be? Though some of there thoughts are different from each other, each one can be seen to be related to one another as reactions or disagreements arise and as the formation of new philosophy take place.

2nd Research Paper 1st Half Word

2nd Research Paper 1st Half Word 2nd Research Paper 1st Half Word Nothing happens without the reason... The world nowadays has become so busy and selfish that even the human values, which were important in the 20th century, have changed dramatically and departed to the backburner in 21st century. This happens because parents don't have enough time for their children; they have new priorities in their lives, such as money, career, and business. That's why today children are placed under the responsibility of schools, kindergartens, and daycares instead of the responsibilities of their own parents. It is one of the reason why the diseases like obesity are so common in this days. Lack of taking care in general, and the lack of care, including diet particularly, lead to the diseases like obesity. To be obese means to be above one's normal weight. A person has traditionally been considered as obese if he or she has more than 20% over their ideal weight. According to Green, Hargrove, and Riley, in recent years the percentage of obesity in elementary sc hool students grew exponentially and reached epidemic proportion over the past three decades with rates tripling. We can't change the parents priorities in a short period of time, but instead we can change kids habits, which are related to eating processes, particularly in schools, because children are getting a lot of habits in schools. We all agree that childhood obesity needs to be stopped. I believe that by replacing the products from unhealthy with healthy items inside of vending machines, and by changing the hours of availability to these machines, we can come a little closer to resolving the problem of childhood obesity. The problem of obesity had become a serious problem for the U.S. by the late 1970s. Scott Barbour reported that in those years the overall percentage of obese children aged 6-11 years was only 6.5, as reported by National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). That was the lowest rate of this disease which increased in recent years. Since that time the U.S. Department of Agriculture was more concentrated on reducing children's sugar intake than on the problem of obesity. That's why this particular organization didn't pay attention to the level of calories, saturated fat, and sodium content when they changed breakfast and lunch programs in the schools based on to the problems with the high sugar level in children. Later, in 1983 the problem of obesity manifested itself. In the 21st century, by the beginning of 2000s NHANES did the same analysis, and the results were worse. The prevalence of obesity increased from 6.5% to 17.0%. This studies in 2000s also showed that children who have a predisposition to obesity in 80% of cases will be overweight and obese at age 25 years. According to Green, Hargrove, and Riley, The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported that more than 16 percent of children from 5 to 10 years of age are overweight or/and obese. Also, very interesting research, conducted by NHANES in 2010, found that the percentage depended on the race of kids. These results shocked everybody. The study found in children from 6 to 11 years old, 22 percent of Hispanic children, 14 percent of non-Hispanic, and 20 percent of African American children were overweight. By 2012, as Green, Hargrove, and Riley reported, more than 23 million U.S. children are either obese or overweight, and the medical costs that are associated with childhood obesity in 2008-2009 were around 71 billion dollars. It is clear that the problem of obesity and has increased over the last years from the problem of individual families to a national problem. The problem of obesity became so serious and dangerous problem for the whole nation, so everybody should at least try to think about some solutions. It was the first reason why I am concerned about this problem. The second reason is about the future. I'm 26 years old; I'm thinking about my future, and about the kids that I want to have. My grandmother told me the gold phrase

Precambrian - The Timeline of Biological History

Precambrian - The Timeline of Biological History The Precambrian (4500 to 543 million years ago) is a vast period of time, nearly 4,000 million years long, that began with the formation of the Earth and culminated with the Cambrian Explosion. The Precambrian accounts for seven-eighths of our planets history. Numerous important milestones in the development of our planet and the evolution of life occurred during the Precambrian. The first life arose during the Precambrian. The tectonic plates formed and began shifting across the surface of the Earth. Eukaryotic cells evolved and the oxygen these eary organisms exhaled collected in the atmosphere. The Precambrian drew to a close just as the first multicellular organisms evolved. For the most part, considering the immense length of time encompassed by the Precambrian, the fossil record is sparse for that time period. The oldest evidence of life is encased in rocks from islands off of western Greenland. Theses fossils are 3.8 billion years old. Bacteria that is more than 3.46 billion years old was discovered in Western Australia. Stromatolite fossils have been discovered that date back 2,700 million years. The most detailed fossils from the Precambrian are known as the Ediacara biota, an assortment of tubular and frond-shaped creatures that lived between 635 and 543 million years ago. The Ediacara fossils represent the earliest known evidence of multicellular life and most of these ancient organisms appear to have vanished at the end of the Precambrian. Although the term Precambrian is somewhat outdated, it is still widely used. Modern terminology disposes of the term Precambrian and instead divides the time before the Cambrian Period into three units, the Hadean (4,500 - 3,800 million years ago), the Archean (3,800 - 2,500 million years ago), and the Proterozoic (2,500 - 543 million years ago).

Data Collection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data Collection - Coursework Example inesses collect data in order to, analyze their performance, know their number of clients, understand customers characteristics and behavior, conduct the market share, and have a succinct projections of the future performance of the business amongst others. Therefore it is one of the core elements within the research and development unit of a business. During our sixth lesson (organizational performance measure), we analyzed four main performance measures which includes; input (resources required in carrying out a program), process (cost of resources per the unit of the expected output), output (work completed or the services provided by the injected input), and outcome which is the whether the customer needs and the program objects are met). In providing an expanded discussion on data collection, the paper will adopt the input performance measure. Input refers to the amount of the resources that is either required or available to produce an outcome and output. It is usually expressed as the amount of funds that is needed for an implemented of a program or project. They facilitate the creation of an output. They include the equipment, cost of labor, utilities, building space, supplies, materials and overhead among others. The measures of input give information on resources such as the financial budget and the people that are available in the execution of various processes that delivers an output. This is a type of data collection used in assessing the performance of the organization. They are also used in the organizational capacity perspective by the employees. It is one of the fundamental ways in obtaining factual data and information on the changes in status and clients behavior especially after they have completed a service. Before an input is ordered for the completion of a particular task, it is important that a survey is conducted so that the best is obtained to facilitate the goal achievement. The objectives can only be achieved when the best inputs are

Business law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business law - Term Paper Example In this instance, Christopher has to fulfill the condition precedent that is the prerequisite for him to be awarded the inheritance. Luckily, he was already employed as a Marketing Liaison Officer in one of the local hotels in the city. He immediately took possession of the beautiful house left in his care and all the assets that went with it. The first evening he was alone, he decided to watch a film in the Sunnie 60† flat screen television. He was shocked as he turned on the TV when he saw that there was an ugly discoloration on the entire face of the screen, which looked like large blotches of ink thrown at the TV. He checked the records pertaining to the television, and he found out that it was purchased within six months for $5,000.00. He is aware of the warranties that go with the television unit. He browsed over the shrink-wrap agreement that he found in one of the drawers in the office. The shrink-wrap agreement is usually attached in the box of the unit, the contents o f which probably had not been discussed with the buyer. He discovered the conditions of the services that may be rendered for the unit bought and the terms of the warranties. To make it look more official, the conditions are written in various languages, and in very fine prints, to discourage the purchaser from reading it. The following morning, he complained to the dealer of Sunnie, which is the Sunrise Appliance Store, and he was told that the store could not honor the warranties in this instance because the problem was caused by excessive use of the unit. They can repair it, but they would have to charge the cost in the amount of $2,200.00. They pointed out under section E found in the shrink-wrap agreement, that it said, â€Å"Excessive use is specifically not covered by any warranty.† Christopher was quick to anger. Luckily he brought his lawyer with him.

Radio Control Office Essay Example for Free

Radio Control Office Essay The first radio regulatory office was known as the Radio Construction and Maintenance Section under the Telegraph Division of the Bureau of Posts. This section was charged with the enforcement of radio laws and regulations, particularly the provisions of Act No. 3396, known as the Ship Radio Station Law which was enacted on December 5, 1927. This law provides for the installations of radio obligatory for ships of Philippine register to protect life and property at sea. On November 11, 1931, the Philippine Legislature enacted Act No. 3846, known as the Radio Control Law of the Philippines.Section 8 of the law provides that the Secretary of Commerce and Communications is hereby authorized to create a Radio Regulation Section, Division or Office which shall take charge of carrying out the provisions of this Act and the regulations prescribed by him, to any bureau or office of his Department, subject to his general supervision and control. Thus, the Radio Control Division in the Bureau of Posts was created under the Secretary of Commerce and Communications. In 1939, the Department of National Defense was organized pursuant to Executive Order No. 230. It was realized then that the functions of supervising and regulating the establishment and operation of all radio stations in the country were important to national defense and security. Consequently, the Radio Control Division was transferred to the Department of National Defence. Pursuant to Executive Order No. 94, series of 1947, the Department of Commerce and Industry was created. The Radio Control Division was again transferred from the Department of National Defense to the Department of Commerce and Industry. The reason for the transfer was that in time of peace, the function of radio regulations was a vital factor in the promotion of commerce and industry and in the economic development of the country. On January 1, 1951, by virtue of the provisions of Executive Order No. 392, the Radio Control Board were transferred to the Department of Public Works and Communications. Actually, The Radio Control Division and the Radio Control Board were two distinct agencies with separate functions. The Division was charged with the supervision and regulation of the establishment and operation of all radio stations in the country. On the other hand, the Board implemented the provisions of the Radio Broadcasting Law, Act No. 3997, regarding the administration of the national radio broadcasting fund derived from radio receiver registration fees collected by the BIR, and the purchase, distribution, and installation of radio receivers to fourth and fifth class municipalities, municipal districts, barrios and selected government institutions. In the Department of Public Works and Communications, the Radio Control Division was under the supervision of the Radio Control Board. In 1956, R.A. No. 1476 was enacted, abolishing the radio receiver registration fees in effect also abolished the Radio Control Board. The Radio Control Division remained and continued to fuction under the Office of the Secretary of Public Works and Communications. On August 23, 1962, Department Order No. 51 was issued by the Secretary, Department of Public Works and Communications, changing the name of the Radio Control Division to Radio Control Office. As provided in the Integrated Reorganization Plan of 1972, the Radio Control Office was retained and assumed the functions relative to the supervision and enforcement of policies, rules and regulations involving telecommunications. The Office, which was later named on July 1, 1974, as the Telecommunications Control Bureau, was headed by a Director who was assisted by an Assistant Director. The Office had four divisions and district offices, the number and locations of which were determined on the basis of necessity and effectiveness of the service. Board of Communications The Board of Communications, which was created under the Integrated Reorganization law of 1972, was the first quasi-judicial body with the adjudicatory powers on matters involving telecommunication services. The Board was composed of a full-time chairman who was of unquestioned integrity and recognized prominence in previous public and/or private employment; and two full-time members who were competent in all aspects of communications, preferably one of whom was a lawyer and the other an economist. The Director of the Radio Control Office and a senior representative of the Institute of Mass Communication of the University of the Philippines were made ex-oficio members. It may be noted that the regular members of the board were experts on telecommunications. The Chairman must have previous employment on telecommunications, and the other two full-time members must be competent on all aspects of communications, preferably one of whom was a lawyer and the other an economist. The reason f or this organizational set-up is aptly stated in the Integrated Reorganization Plan which states that: Since technical and economic determinants will govern decisions with respect to economic regulation, the expertise involved should be strongly reflected on the composition of the body so that it can adequately review, revise, and decide on proposals and applications. The Board itself must also have the capability to adequately review, revise, and decide on all aspects under its coverage from both technical and economic points of view. Knowledge of the economic consideration involved must be coupled with the ability to distinguish, detect, and resolve possible conflicts with the corresponding technical considerations. The Board of Communications was attached to the Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications for administrative supervision. According to the IRP, the DPWTC was in direct possession of facts and situational appraisals inherent in its role in the fields of communications. Adjudicative Boards operating under its umbrella would thus have direct access to the substantive bases for decision. The National Telecommunications Commission By virtue of Executive Order No. 546 dated July 23, 1979, the Telecommunications Control Bureau and the Board of Communications were abolished and have been integrated into a single entity now known as the National Telecommunications Commission. It is composed of a Commissioner and two Deputy Commissioners, preferably one of whom is a lawyer and another an economist. The Commissioner and Deputy Commissioners should be of unquestioned integrity, proven competence, and recognized experts in their fields, related as much as possible to communications. The integration of the TCB and BOC into a single entity has for its purpose the effective and unified control and supervision of communications facilities and services. Executive Order No. 546 has also created the Ministry of Transportation and Communications which has administrative jurisdiction over the National Telecommunications Commission. Pursuant to Executive Order No. 125 as amended by Executive Order No. 125-A dated April 13, 1987, the National Telecommunications Commission is now an attached agency of the Department of Transportation and Communications (Sec.14). The Philippines National Telecommunications Commission (Filipino: Pambansang Komisyon sa Telekomunikasyon), abbreviated as NTC, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Commission on Information and Communications Technology responsible for the supervision, adjudication and control over all telecommunications services throughout the Philippines.

Justice in Platos Republic and Hobbes Leviathan Essay -- Politics Phi

One of the main concepts in both Plato's Republic and Hobbes' Leviathan is justice. For Plato, the goal of his Republic is to discover what justice is and to demonstrate that it is better than injustice. Plato does this by explaining justice in two different ways: through a city or polis and through an individual human beings soul. He uses justice in a city to reveal justice in an individual. For Hobbes, the term justice is used to explain the relationship between morality and self-interest. Hobbes explains justice in relation to obligations and self-preservation. This essay will analyze justice specifically in relation to the statement ? The fool hath said in his heart, there is no such thing as justice? Looking at Hobbes? reply to the fool will demonstrate that his main goal was to declare what people ought to do when interacting with others and what can be expected in return for that behaviour. By analyzing the Republic, it will be shown that Plato would most likely differ w ith the statement made by the fool because the main of premise the book in itself is to discover the definition of justice. To understand Hobbes? reply to the fool, one must first define justice according to Hobbes. He believes that justice is men performing their covenants made and the constant will of giving every man his own. A covenant is a part of a contract, or ?mutual transferring of right, in which at least one of the parties ?is to perform in time to come?. Hobbes maintains that it is never against reason to complete a covenant when man has the security that others will also perform covenants made with him. However, the problem that arises from forming covenants is that just because people enter into a covenant to perform some actio... ...ing so he also showed that there is such a thing a justice within a city as well as in an individual. Thus, Plato?s reply to the fool would be that indeed there is such a thing as justice. And justice is good because it benefits in this life as well as the next. Therefore, even though a man may wish to behave unjustly when he can, as with the myth of the ring of Gyges, behaving justly will have the most rewards. Both Plato and Hobbes present different views of justice in reply to the fool. Plato, claiming one should be just because it is good in itself, where as Hobbes claims being just is good for the pursuit of self-interest or preservation. Despite the difference of opinion on justice between the two philosophers, it is clear that the fool?s statement has been refuted. For there is such a thing as justice despite the differences in how the term is defined.

Learning Experience

Learning Experience PSY/211 July 26, 2012 Daysi Brown Learning Experience Many Americans have fears of all kinds. One fear is roller coasters. Individuals who have this type of fear may also have the fear of heights and how high the drop is on a loop or how fast the coaster goes. They have the feeling as if they are going to fall if up too high or how queasy their stomach may feel with the thought of approaching the big loop. This type of behavior can come from something as little as tripping off a curb or falling off a bike which triggers them to be afraid or fearful of anything that is high up.When it comes to individuals with the fear of roller coaster there is something in the mind telling them that they are too high up which makes them fearful of the coaster or just the thought of getting on and actually riding The classical conditioning type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about a r esponse. The learning experience of this type of conditioning is to overcome the fear by trying to find ways to be able to ride the roller coaster.Another way is to research and find ways to help with the feeling of heights and the fear of roller coasters There are ways that to help with this fear by trying to figure out the natural response of the feeling of riding the coaster. Operant conditioning is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened of weakened, dependent on its favorable or unfavorable consequences. The experience of this conditioning is to have a feeling

Speech Essay

When at the age Of eight Emma was considered bossy simple because she wanted to direct a production, later her girlfriends no longer wanted to participate in sports due to masculinity, and at age 18, her male friends could not express their feelings. Even after her experiences, she has realized that feminism has diminished in meaning. The introduction of the speech had a great attention getter because Emma pointed out a problem that is usually towards girls, and was asking for help of the audience. While she was introducing the topic, she did not really preview any main points, but only stated the thesis and purpose.In this speech, she is informing the audience on how she was able to speak for this problem she stated, â€Å"l was appointed six months ago and the more I have spoken about feminism the more I have realized that fighting for women's rights has too often become synonymous with man hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop. † The audience in at this event had an equal amount of women and men. The transitions in this conclude introducing the campaign (Hovers) and owe it needs to be addressed and brought to attention to the population.Once she inform the problem, she then went on to the era of feminism; and how feminism has become a word that is unpopular to the culture around us. The term is considered an â€Å"uncomfortable† word stated by Watson. More and more women have not been choosing to indemnify themselves as feminist due to the remarks made on feminists today. After going on about women's liberation she then discussed why there needs to be gender equality, and what could happen in the future generations if it continued to go any further. The topic of this speech could legitimately make a big impact if it were to follow through.Equal rights should be brought to attention, and Emma gives a good dialogue of the situation. â€Å"Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and wo men should feel free to be strong†¦ It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum not as two opposing sets of ideals. If we stop defining each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by what we are-?we can all be freer and this is what Hovers is about. It's about freedom. † (Watson) Watson shapes great persuasive points throughout he whole speech. It is time for the men and women of the world to be treated the same.Men should not feel the discomfort of being vulnerable, and women should not be judged or fear the want of being strong. Many people do not realize the different stereotypes that are given to men, and that are seen on a daily basis. When is it the turn for men to be able to feel comfortable in their own skin without being judged for what should be happening? As stated in the speech, â€Å"If men do not have to be aggressive in order to be accepted women won't feel compelled to be submissive. If men o not have to control, women will not hav e to be controlled.In this speech Emma W. Uses, the speech spoken Hilary Clinton to help support her statements. The speech was given in 1 995 and in Beijing about women's rights, and how the changes that she wanted back then are still a reality today. Another one of the sources included the depth of how men cannot seem to want to ask for help when It is needed. For example, in the UK suicide is the largest killer amongst men varying from the ages of 20-49. Moreover, why is that? It is because men are afraid to ask for attention for the season that it will take away from their masculinity.I now understand why Emma wants this to be something everyone should be aware of, and how it needs to end. In this speech, it very much caught my attention especially since every main point had a strong body to go with it to support it. In my opinion, Emma was a great choice to speak for this campaign. It seemed that this subject was a sensitive matter, and she was able to connect with the audience to express her views. In conclusion, I believe that Emma Watson had a great persuasive input on her outlook on gender equality. Speech Essay When at the age Of eight Emma was considered bossy simple because she wanted to direct a production, later her girlfriends no longer wanted to participate in sports due to masculinity, and at age 18, her male friends could not express their feelings. Even after her experiences, she has realized that feminism has diminished in meaning. The introduction of the speech had a great attention getter because Emma pointed out a problem that is usually towards girls, and was asking for help of the audience. While she was introducing the topic, she did not really preview any main points, but only stated the thesis and purpose.In this speech, she is informing the audience on how she was able to speak for this problem she stated, â€Å"l was appointed six months ago and the more I have spoken about feminism the more I have realized that fighting for women's rights has too often become synonymous with man hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop. † The audience in at this event had an equal amount of women and men. The transitions in this conclude introducing the campaign (Hovers) and owe it needs to be addressed and brought to attention to the population.Once she inform the problem, she then went on to the era of feminism; and how feminism has become a word that is unpopular to the culture around us. The term is considered an â€Å"uncomfortable† word stated by Watson. More and more women have not been choosing to indemnify themselves as feminist due to the remarks made on feminists today. After going on about women's liberation she then discussed why there needs to be gender equality, and what could happen in the future generations if it continued to go any further. The topic of this speech could legitimately make a big impact if it were to follow through.Equal rights should be brought to attention, and Emma gives a good dialogue of the situation. â€Å"Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and wo men should feel free to be strong†¦ It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum not as two opposing sets of ideals. If we stop defining each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by what we are-?we can all be freer and this is what Hovers is about. It's about freedom. † (Watson) Watson shapes great persuasive points throughout he whole speech. It is time for the men and women of the world to be treated the same.Men should not feel the discomfort of being vulnerable, and women should not be judged or fear the want of being strong. Many people do not realize the different stereotypes that are given to men, and that are seen on a daily basis. When is it the turn for men to be able to feel comfortable in their own skin without being judged for what should be happening? As stated in the speech, â€Å"If men do not have to be aggressive in order to be accepted women won't feel compelled to be submissive. If men o not have to control, women will not hav e to be controlled.In this speech Emma W. Uses, the speech spoken Hilary Clinton to help support her statements. The speech was given in 1 995 and in Beijing about women's rights, and how the changes that she wanted back then are still a reality today. Another one of the sources included the depth of how men cannot seem to want to ask for help when It is needed. For example, in the UK suicide is the largest killer amongst men varying from the ages of 20-49. Moreover, why is that? It is because men are afraid to ask for attention for the season that it will take away from their masculinity.I now understand why Emma wants this to be something everyone should be aware of, and how it needs to end. In this speech, it very much caught my attention especially since every main point had a strong body to go with it to support it. In my opinion, Emma was a great choice to speak for this campaign. It seemed that this subject was a sensitive matter, and she was able to connect with the audience to express her views. In conclusion, I believe that Emma Watson had a great persuasive input on her outlook on gender equality.

Old and New Architecture in Vienna, Austria

Old and New Architecture in Vienna, Austria Vienna, Austria, by the Danube River, has a mixture of architecture representing many periods and styles, ranging from elaborate Baroque-era monuments to a 20th century rejection of high ornamentation.  The history of Vienna, or  Wien as its called, is as rich and complicated as the architecture that portrays it. The city doors are open to celebrate architecture - and anytime is a great time to visit. Being centrally located in Europe, the area was settled early on by both the Celts and then the Romans. It has been the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and the  Austro-Hungarian Empire. Vienna has been invaded both by marauding armies and medieval plagues. During the Second World War, it ceased to exist completely as it was enveloped by Nazi Germany. Yet today we still think of Vienna as the home of the Strauss waltz and the Freudian dream. The influence of Wiener Moderne or Vienna Modern architecture on the rest of the world was as profound as any other movement in history. Visiting Vienna Perhaps the most iconic structure in all of Vienna is the Gothic St. Stephans Cathedral. First begun as a Romanesque cathedral, its construction throughout the ages displays the influences of the day, from Gothic to Baroque all the way up to its patterned tile roof. Wealthy aristocratic families like the Liechtensteins may have first brought the ornate Baroque style of architecture (1600-1830) to Vienna. Their private summer home, the Garden Palais Liechtenstein from 1709, combines Italian villa-like details on the outside with ornate Baroque interiors. It is open to the public as an art museum. The Belvedere is another Baroque palace complex from this time period, the early 1700s. Designed by Italian-born architect Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt (1668-1745), Belvedere Palace and Gardens is popular eye-candy for the Danube River cruise-taker. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740, is perhaps responsible for bringing Baroque architecture to the ruling class of Vienna. At the height of the Black Plague pandemic, he vowed to build a church to St. Charles Borromeo if the plague would leave his city. It did, and the magnificent Karlskirche (1737) was first designed by Baroque master architect Johann Bernard Fischer von Erlach.  Baroque architecture reigned during the time of Charles daughter, Empress Maria Theresa (1740-80), and her son Joseph II (1780-90). Architect Fischer von Erlach also designed and rebuilt a country hunting cottage into a summer royal getaway, the Baroque Schà ¶nbrunn Palace. Viennas Imperial Winter Palace remained The Hofburg. By the mid-1800s, the former city walls and military enforcements that protected the city center were demolished. In their place, Emperor Franz Joseph I launched a massive urban renewal, creating what has been called the most beautiful boulevard in the world, the Ringstrasse. Ring Boulevard is lined with over three miles of monumental, historically-inspired neo-Gothic and neo-Baroque buildings. The term Ringstrassenstil is sometimes used to describe this mix of styles. The Museum of Fine Arts and the Renaissance Revival Vienna Opera House (Wiener Staatsoper) were constructed during this time.  Burgtheater, Europes second-oldest theater, was first housed in Hofburg Palace before this new theater was built in 1888. Modern Vienna The Viennese Secession movement at the turn of the 20th century launched a revolutionary spirit in architecture. Architect Otto Wagner (1841-1918) combined traditional styles and Art Nouveau influences. Later, architect Adolf Loos (1870-1933) established the stark, minimalist style we see at The Goldman and Salatsch Building. Eyebrows raised when Loos built this modern structure across from the Imperial Palace in Vienna. The year was 1909, and the Looshaus marked an important transition in the world of architecture. Yet, the buildings of Otto Wagner may have influenced this modernist movement. Some have called Otto Koloman Wagner the Father of Modern Architecture. For certain, this influential Austrian helped move Vienna from Jugendstil (Art Nouveau) into 20th-century architectural practicality. Wagners influence on the architecture of Vienna is felt everywhere in that city, as noted by Adolf Loos himself, who in 1911 is said to have called Wagner the greatest architect in the world. Born on July 13, 1841 in Penzig near Vienna, Otto Wagner was educated at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna and Kà ¶nigliche Bauakademie in Berlin, Germany. He then went back to Vienna in 1860 to study at the Akademie der bildenden Kà ¼nste (Academy of Fine Arts), graduating in 1863. He was trained in the Neoclassical fine art style that was ultimately rejected by the Secessionists. Otto Wagners architecture in Vienna is stunning. The distinctive tiled facade of the Majolika Haus makes this 1899 apartment building desired property even today. The Karlsplatz Stadtbahn rail station that once  inked urban Vienna with its growing suburbs in 1900 is so revered an example of beautiful  Art Nouveau architecture that it was moved piece by piece to a safer venue when the railroad upgraded. Wagner ushered in modernism with the Austrian Postal Savings Bank (1903-1912) - the Banking Hall of the Ãâ€"sterreichische Postsparkasse also brought the modern banking function of paper transactions to Vienna. The architect returned to Art Nouveau with the 1907 Kirche am Steinhof or Church of St. Leopold at Steinhof Asylum, a beautiful church designed especially for the mentally ill. Wagners own villas in  Hà ¼tteldorf, Vienna best express his transformation from his neoclassical training to Jugendstil. Why is Otto Wagner Important? Art Nouveau in Vienna, a new art known as Jugendstil.Vienna Secession, founded in 1897 by a union of Austrian artists, Wagner was not a founder but is associated with the movement. The Secession was based on the belief that art and architecture should be of its own time and not a revival or imitation of historic forms such as Classical, Gothic, or Renaissance. On the Secession exhibition hall in Vienna are these German words: der zeit ihre kunst (to every age its art) and der kunst ihre freiheit (to art its freedom).Vienna Moderne, a transitional time in European architecture. The Industrial Revolution was offering new construction materials and processes, and, like architects of the Chicago School, a group of artists and architects in Vienna were finding their way to what we consider Modernity. Architecture critic Ada Louise Huxtable has described it as a time full of genius and contradiction, characterized by a kind of bipolar architecture of simple, geometric designs adorned with fanciful Jugendstil ornamentation. Moderne Architektur, Wagners 1896 book on modern architecture continues to be studied.Urban Planning and Iconic Architecture in Vienna:   The Steinhof Church and the Majolikahaus are even pictured on coffee mugs available to purchase as souvenirs. Otto Wagner, Creating Iconic Architecture for Vienna The same year Louis Sullivan was suggesting a form follows function in American skyscraper design, Otto Wagner was describing aspects of modern architecture in Vienna in his translated declaration that something impractical cannot be beautiful. His most important writing is perhaps the 1896 Moderne Architektur, in which he asserts the case for Modern Architecture: A certain practical element with which man is imbued today simply cannot be ignored, and ultimately every artist will have to agree with the following proposition: Something impractical cannot be beautiful. - Composition, p. 82 All modern creations must correspond to the new materials and demands of the present if they are to suit modern man. - Style, p. 78 Things that have their source in modern views correspond perfectly to our appearance....things copied and imitated from old models never do....A man in a modern traveling suit, for example, fits in very well with the waiting room of a train station, with sleeping cars, with all our vehicles; yet would we not stare if we were to see someone dressed in clothing from the Louis XV period using such things? - Style, p. 77 The room that we inhabit should be as simple as our clothing....Sufficient light, a pleasant temperature, and clean air in rooms are very just demands of man....If architecture is not rooted in life, in the needs of contemporary man...it will just cease to be an art. - The Practice of Art, pp. 118, 119, 122 Composition also entails artistic economy. By this I mean a moderation in the use and treatment of forms handed down to us or newly created that corresponds to modern ideas and extends to everything possible. This is especially true for those forms that are considered high expressions of artistic feeling and monumental exaltation, such as domes, towers, quadrigae, columns, etc. Such forms, in any case, should be used only with absolute justification and sparingly, since their overuse always produces the opposite effect. If the work being created is to be a true reflection of our time, the simple, the practical, the - one might almost say - military approach must be fully and completely expressed, and for this reason alone everything extravagant must be avoided. - Composition, p. 84 Todays Vienna Todays Vienna is a showplace of architectural innovation. Twentieth-century buildings include  Hundertwasser-Haus, a brilliantly colored, unusually shaped building by Friedensreich Hundertwasser, and a controversial glass and steel structure, the 1990 Haas Haus by Pritzker Laureate Hans Hollein. Another Pritzker architect took the lead converting the century-old and historically protected industrial buildings of Vienna into what today is known as  Jean Nouvel Buildings Gasometers Vienna  - a massive urban complex with offices and shops that became adaptive reuse on a grand scale. In addition to the Gasometer project, Pritzker Laureate Jean Nouvel has designed housing units in Vienna, as have the Pritzker winners Herzog and de Meuron on Pilotengasse.  And that apartment house on the Spittelauer Lnde? Another Pritzker Laureate, Zaha Hadid. Vienna continues to make architecture in a big way, and they want you to know that Vienna’s architecture scene is thriving. Sources The Dictionary of Art Vol. 32, Grove, Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. 760-763Vienna Moderne (November 26, 1978), Architecture, Anyone? by Ada Louise Huxtable, University of California Press, 1986, p. 100Modern Architecture by Otto Wagner, A Guidebook for His Students to This Field of Art, edited and translated by Harry Francis Mallgrave, The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1988 (translated from the 1902 third edition)

Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction

Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction Over the entire 4.6 billion year history of the Earth, there have been five major mass extinction events. These catastrophic events completely wiped out large percentages of all of the life around at the time of the mass extinction event. These mass extinction events shaped how the living things that did survive evolve and new species appear. Some scientists also believe we are currently in the middle of the sixth mass extinction event that could last for a million years or more. The Fourth Major Extinction The fourth major mass extinction event happened around 200 million years ago at the end of the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era to usher in the Jurassic Period. This mass extinction event was actually a combination of smaller mass extinction periods that happened over the final 18 million years or so of the Triassic Period. Over the course of this extinction event, it is estimated more than half of the known living species at the time completely died out. This allowed dinosaurs to thrive and take over some of the niches left open due to the extinction of species that had previously held those types of roles in the ecosystem. What Ended the Triassic Period? There are several different hypotheses on what caused this particular mass extinction at the end of the Triassic Period. Since the third major mass extinction actually is thought to have occurred in several small waves of extinctions, it is entirely possible that all of these hypotheses, along with others that may not be as popular or thought of as of yet, could have caused the overall mass extinction event. There is evidence for all of the causes proposed. Volcanic Activity:Â  One possible explanation for this catastrophic mass extinction event is unusually high levels of volcanic activity. It is known that large numbers of flood basalts around the Central America region occurred around the time of the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction event. These enormous volcano eruptions are thought to have expelled huge amounts of greenhouse gases like sulfur dioxide or carbon dioxide that would quickly and devastatingly increase the global climate. Other scientists believe it would have aerosols expelled from these volcanic eruptions that would actually do the opposite of the greenhouse gases and end up cooling the climate significantly. Climate Change:Â  Other scientists believe it was more of a gradual climate change issue that spanned the majority of the 18 million year time span attributed to the end of the Triassic mass extinction. This would have led to changing sea levels and even possibly a change in the acidity within the oceans that would have affected species living there. Meteor Impact: A less likely cause of the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction event may be attributed to asteroid or meteor impact, much like what is thought to have caused the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction (also known as the K-T Mass Extinction) when the dinosaurs all went extinct. However, this is not a very likely reason for the third mass extinction event because there has been no crater found that would indicate it could create devastation of this magnitude. There was a meteor strike that dates to about this time period, but it was rather small and is not thought to have been able to cause a mass extinction event that is thought to have wiped out more than half of all living species on both land and in the oceans. However, the asteroid impact may have very well caused a local mass extinction that is now attributed to the overall major mass extinction that ended the Triassic Period and ushered in the beginning of the Jurassic Period.

Technologies and Predictions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Technologies and Predictions - Essay Example This has actually created a heated debate amongst technicians and experts regarding the future of technologies. The prime objective of this essay is to explore and analyze the future predictions and developments in the technology. However, this essay has narrowed its focus on three particular technologies of television, robotics, and electric cars. Starting with a brief introduction of each technology, the essay will present the predictions; explain the basis of these predictions followed by the impacts of these technological developments. According to Britannica encyclopedia, â€Å"television is an electronic system for transmitting still or moving images and sound to receivers that project a view of the images on a picture tube or screen and recreate the sound† (Jensen & Toscan, pp. 41-49, 1999). Without any doubts, most of the 20th century was the century of television because the impact it created was beyond the thoughts and expectations of anyone. The first televisions used the cathode ray tube technology, received analog signals, and were monochrome. However, it was during the mid 1900’s when color television came into the market. Likewise, since the 1990’s it have been the high definition televisions (HDTV), flat panel display systems and 3D television systems, which have ruled the scene. There is a lot of buzz in the market regarding the new technological development in this field called as organic light emitting diode (OLED) which is ready and about to land in the markets. The next few years, this technology would probably rule the market. Made from organic polymers and having a thin conductor in between. Moreover, they do not need backlights to form the image, which means that their size is the thinnest in the market and so flexible that one can even roll it like a T-shirt. Another development that the market is long

International strategic management ( answer the 2 exam questions) Essay

International strategic management ( answer the 2 exam questions) - Essay Example da Motor Company, it seems that the company had been following a â€Å"glocalisation† strategy since mid 1980s in order to internationalise its business segments giving more focus on local markets. However, the company has recently brought a strategic change in its global market operations, according to which the Honda sets up its own wholly owned subsidiaries across the globe. To illustrate, referring to Aylward (2003), Honda established its wholly owned subsidiary in India in 1999 under the name Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India and announced plans on cancelling the joint venture with its Indian partner Hero. This strategic change is supported by the performance comparison framework, which tells that stockholders expect more revenues as time goes by (Lecture note). In addition, the company has abandoned its traditional manufacturing policies, and adapted to a new manufacturing policy called ‘Lean manufacturing system’ by the end of the 20th century. The lean manu facturing strategy would produce maximum level of output with minimum level of inventory. Also, this strategy would avoid production waste. Strategic change approaches illustrate that a change process involves three phases including strategic planning, project management, and operationalistion. Today, governments worldwide encourage foreign direct investments as it is one of the best measures to promote economic growth. This trend is particularly seen in emerging economies like India and China. Since Honda is a globally recognised company and a potential employment provider, governments tend to welcome the organisation on the belief that Honda can add value to the nation’s industrial and economic status. In addition, since globalisation has eliminated cross border trade barriers, organisations enjoy easy access to foreign markets. At this juncture, the Honda management thinks that the strategic change would provide them with more operating freedom and innovation capabilities. While analysing the

Company Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Company Problem - Essay Example sales targets for the current year (2008) owing to the continuous fall in the sales of its trucks and SUVs which form a significant part of its revenues. The fall in its automobile segment is also largely due to the growing environmental concerns, likely impact of global warming, and the resultant shift in customer preferences towards environmental friendly and fuel efficient cars. All these factors together have led to formation of several alternatives that could help the company address these critical issues and retain its competitive positioning in the industry as well as continue its rapid progress towards attaining its future targets that of a 15% share in the global automobile industry. The alternatives discussed above are developed keeping in mind the company’s strengths and weakness and its ability to tackle the present situation through its range of products and strategic planning abilities. The Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world. Founded in 1926, by Sakichi Toyoda as a modest automatic looms manufacturing company, Toyota has grown to be a multi million dollar organization and a world leader in automobile manufacturing. The company through its substantial diversification, expansion and R&D efforts has managed to capture significant market shares, and aims to capture 15 %1 of the global market by the year 2015. However, the company currently has been facing certain setbacks due to several factors such as the rising fuel prices, environmental concerns such as global warming, weakening of the yen, as well as threats from low cost car manufacturers from developing nations such as India and China. These factors could pose serious threats to the company’s advancement towards growth and prosperity. To combat such external forces, the company has initiated efforts at creating environmental awareness through encouraging an d driving the sales of its hybrid car – The Prius, as well as by initiating and

Patient Safety in Healthcare

Patient Safety in Healthcare Introduction and background Patient safety has always been the heart of healthcare practice and nursing through the history of medicine. However, all through the world occasional non-deliberate accidental harm occurs to patients looking for care. Such unfavourable incidents can occur at all levels of healthcare whether clinical or managerial, curative or preventive, and in general healthcare, or private. It may occur at any stage of management (radiology, laboratory, operating room, ward, or ICU). The WHO, at the meeting held on July 2006, in New Delhi, India, identified an adverse event as a separate unconnected incident associated with health care, which results in in-deliberate injury, illness, or death. Such incidents can be preventable as with contaminated injections. Published surveys on patient safety show that in industrialized advanced countries, more than half of these adverse events are preventable and occur because of a shortage in system or organization design or operation rather than because of poor performance of healthcare providing staff (WHO report, 2006). Harvard Medical Centre study in 1991 (after WHO report, 2006) was the first to draw the attention to the volume of patient safety problem. Based on medical records review, the rate of adverse event in three US medical centres ranged between 3.2 to 5.4 percent. In UK, the rate was 11.7 percent and in Denmark, the rate was 9 percent (WHO report, 2002). Results of recent studies suggest the rate is between 3.2 and 16.6 percent (per 100 hospital admissions). The situation in the less well-documented health care centres in the developing countries is more serious (WHO report, 2006). The cost of adverse events that endanger patient safety can be very high, considering all the aspects. It includes, loss of confidence and credibility and reputation of health care institutions, loss of enthusiasm and job gratification among the working staff. In addition, the cost includes damage to the patients and their relatives especially when taking defensive attitudes and keeping information hidden from patients families. Other added costs are those of prolonged hospital stay and increased medical expenses and those of lawsuit demands (WHO report, 2006). Objective The objective of this paper is to review, in brief, the problem of patient safety with particular attention to patient safety in the ICU being one of the essential patient care systems in a health care organization. Besides, the vulnerability of ICU patients augments the importance of patient safety concept. Methodology This thesis is a literature review study. The researcher performed an article search using the following internet databases: National Centre for Biotechnology – National Library of Medicine – National Institutes for Health (NCBI), at  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Medscape database, at  http://www.medscape.com Amedeo: The Medical Literature Guide, at  http://www.amedeo.com British Medical Journals, at  http://group.bml.com/products/journals World health organization – Publications, at  http://www.who.int/en/publications Yahoo and Google scholar general databases, site of .org, .gov and.edu only considered. Terms of search were patient safety, basics, and principles of patient safety, review of patient safety, patient safety in the ICU and the critically ill patient safety. Findings Patient safety event is a wide term; it does not only mean a medical error during the course of medical management and nursing. The Department of Health and Human Services, 2008, defined a patient safety event as an incident, which takes place during providing a health care service. It causes or may have caused a harmful outcome to the patient. It includes errors of not doing (omission) or errors of doing (commission), it also includes faults and mistakes of the patient care processes (involving drugs and equipments) or the environment where these processes are carried out. The phrase, one cannot manage what cannot be measured hold true for patient safety. One of the reasons of the lack of effective patient safety strategies is the need for a measurement tool to provide measures, consequently, reduce medical errors and improve patient safety. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) developed an array of Patient Safety Indicators planned to screen administrative data for events related to patient safety. This list of indicators includes 16 situations where a threat to patient safety may occur during the course of healthcare delivery. Using this measurement tool shows that patient safety incident of highest rates are failure to rescue, decubitus ulcers and postoperative wound infection (which is specifically increased by 35% during the period 2002-2006) (Health Grades Inc, 2006). Infection control: An important part of patient safety Bruke, 2006, has provided a comprehensive review of infection control as an important aspect in patient safety strategy. Based on many studies, hospital acquired infection; in this context, alternatively called health care associated infection, is one the most frequent risks for patient safety in patients admitted to hospitals. The answer to the question of why it is an important aspect for patient safety lies in the fact that 5-10 percent of patients admitted to acute care hospitals acquire one or more nosocomial infection. In the US, 2 million patients acquire hospital infection every year with 90.000 deaths. This adds a cost of 4.5 to 5.7 billion US $ to the health care cost (Bruke, 2006). There are four types of hospital-acquired infections, which account for 80% of the total rate. These are infection associated with urinary catheterization, blood borne infection (usually with vascular invasive procedures), surgical wounds infections, and pneumonia (usually associated with the use of ventilators). Therefore, it is understandable that 25 per cent of these infections occur in the ICU (Bruke, 2006). The increased awareness of patient safety resulted in reorganizing the concepts of infection control and placing it in the domain of public health with consequent increased surveillance and epidemiological studies. It is true that recognizing risk factors allows clarification of what is adjustable and what is not, however modification of some terms is advisable. Instead of saying avoiding the use of catheters, we should recommend reducing the duration of use of catheters. Many other terms as use antibiotics intelligently, and training and staff education are hazy and indistinct, accordingly, tricky to employ (Bruke, 2006). Nursing practice and patient safety The report of the Institute of Medicine, 2004 (after Armstrong and Laschinger, 2006) recognized nursing role as pivotal to patient safety. The report suggests the degree of activity of hospital nurses and the extent of giving them authority to take part in decisions, directly affects the quality and perception of patient safety. The results of Armstrong and Laschinger, 2006 supported this assumption; they recommended that nurses should enjoy better communication and participation in decision-making. The responsibility of nurse managers, at the unit level, is even greater. They take part to establish nursing practices, which support patient safety culture, they also sustain professional nursing practices, and they should listen carefully to nurses relevant affairs. If nursing managers achieve their direct responsibilities, then they work with others in the healthcare establishment to make the organizational process better as regards limiting the nurses competence towards better patient care. The result of Armstrong and Laschinger, 2006 suggested that nurse managers (nurse leaders) have the capability of developing patient safety in healthcare organizations. Medication management and patient safety Duthie and colleagues, 2004, analyzed the 108 reports submitted to the New York State Department of Health investigating the medical errors in New York State healthcare organizations. From quantitative viewpoint, their results suggested that nursing the first discipline to be involved in such errors and they provided the explanation that nurses are the end dispenser since they give the medications to patients directly. In addition, they showed that patients over 65 years are the most vulnerable to these errors, perhaps because of the increased number of medications prescribed at this age. From a qualitative viewpoint, they suggested that what may endanger patient safety is dispensing system malfunction, failure to rescue situations and working space limitations. They suggested the need to educational initiatives and pointing out possible dispensing system malfunctions. Adamski, 2005, suggested the following precautions to minimize medication errors: Monitoring how patients respond to medications as long as it is dispensed in the healthcare organization. Diagnosis and indication for a particular medication should be available in the patients progress notes, history or examination sheets. Clear order forms to dispense medications in order to ensure clear and mutual understanding among the prescribing physician, pharmacist, and thenurse who administers the medication. Davis and colleagues, 2006, examined the patient role in medication errors. They suggested that low literacy patients (up to 6th  grade level) are more liable to misunderstand medications label instructions. However, they suggested that lower reading and writing skills and high number of medications prescriptions link separately to misunderstanding of instructions on medications labels. Hospital design and device purchase in patient safety strategies Reiling, 2005, suggested that building a hospital (whether new or relocated) around the principles of patient safety would have two important impacts on return of investment. First, it combines safety and efficiency, second, it reduces the costs of adverse effect and hospital stay therefore; reduces the patients cost on discharge. To achieve a safety cantered hospital design, Reiling, 2005, suggested that architects, engineers, contractors, heads of departments and executive managers should participate in discussions around what they need. There is no specific design but contributions of the whole team from the perspectives of patient safety culture are mandatory. Johnson and colleagues, 2004, examined the patient safety in purchasing equipment. They analysed purchasing decisions taken at three different healthcare centres. Johnson and other, 2004, assumed there were points of strengths and others of weaknesses. The points of weaknesses draw the attention to the necessity of having guidelines to help healthcare providers to assess issues of patient safety when purchasing medical devices. Patient safety in the ICU There are many reasons that make the ICU a special unit to look at specifically as regards patient safety. Of these reason, the patients are critically ill, which renders them vulnerable to the adverse effect of medical errors. Second, the great effort performed by nurses and internists with sometimes exhaustive shift work, which may result in sleep deprivation and possibly lack of concentration. Third, the diverse use of equipment (ventilators, catheters, monitors etc) and the invasive procedures sometimes adopted (emergency tracheotomy, central venous pressure or arterial-venous cannulation) which add to the risk of hospital-acquired infection or increase the incidence of adverse effects (Rothschild and others, 2005). Rothschild and colleagues, 2005 conducted a one-year prospective observation study as a part of Harvard Hours and Health Study (2002-2003). They designed their study as a multidisciplinary epidemiological study to portray both frequency and types of adverse effects in the ICU. The result were informative, there were 120 adverse events reported (80.5 per 1000 patient-day). Of the patients who suffered adverse effects, 13.8% suffered one adverse effect, and there were 16 life-threatening adverse effects. The commonest were respiratory, infection, and cardiovascular system (19%, 15%, and 12% respectively). The incidence of serious medical errors was 149.7 per 1000 patient-day of which, 11% were life threatening. Incident discovery was by direct observation in 62% of the cases and the patients nurses discovered 36 % of the cases. In 74.8% of cases, errors occurred during the course of treatment or a procedure. An intern failure to wash hands after attending a patient formed 51% of sterility hazards related to procedures. Although their results cannot be applied to all ICU units, yet it draws the attention to how frequent and how serious patient safety can be compromised in ICU units. At the same time, their result show how results of treatment in the ICU would improve, despite the hard work, if teams stick to unit protocols and principle of patient safety (Rothschild and others, 2005). Kho and others, 2005, used the Safety Climate Survey (a tool approved by the Institute of Health Care Improvement) to measure patient safety in four ICU units, 56.9% of those responded to the survey were nurses. Based on their results, they assumed that Safety climate survey and Safety culture scales are reliable tools to measure patient safety in ICU. Chang and other, 2005, suggest that reform of patient safety in the ICU should start by establishing physician and nurse leadership, once this is achieved, carrying out patient safety protocols becomes a matter of team effort and commitment to the concept. Identifying a specific group of patients to start with (as an example, patients on ventilators), planning carefully the procedures, and opening a communication channel among the staff should reach the best results. Following evaluation of what progress made, the next move is for another group of patients. At the end, this should provide synchronization among the staff that makes decision making in shortage of time easier and provides better training and education to the newly coming staff. Obstacles facing the implementation of patient safety Cook and colleagues, 2000, considered the complexity of healthcare as an overwhelming obstacle to achieve desired patient safety levels. Technical work in healthcare needs appropriate and quick decision making, critical to the patients safety at times, moreover, it is risky by nature. It is true that health practitioners whether physicians, nurse, technicians or other staff are trying to cope with this complexity, however this complexity creates a disparity in healthcare practice and nursing (they called it gap). Cook and colleagues assumed the means of improving patient safety is by supporting practitioners ability to perceive and cross these disparities, rather than making changes in authority or different roles with possible division of professional work force. The search and detection of these disparities or gaps as a research goal should make the breakthrough in patient safety achievements. During this research pursuit, disparities indicate areas of weaknesses and susceptibility and may elicit the means complexity flows through health care systems to patients (Cook and colleagues, 2000). Amalberti and colleagues, 2005, identified five system barriers to even safer healthcare; the first is regulations, which significantly limit the risk allowed, thus, limiting maximum performance of healthcare givers. There is a real need for proper balance between the industrial notions to get a high productivity whatever it takes, and the concepts of patient safety culture. Doing that, researchers should take into consideration the economic troubles of the healthcare system and the spontaneous drive of productivity among healthcare workers. Second, other important issues need dealing with before or in conjunction with the issue of patient safety, an important example to these issues is the need for standardization of healthcare practice and nursing. Third, the core of healthcare work is synchronization among practitioners, therefore recommendations should stress on teamwork and opening communication channels among the healthcare staff, instead of trying to reach optimal performance of each organizational level separately. The fourth obstacle is the need for system-level mediation to improve patient safety planning. References WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (2006). Working Paper: Promoting Patient Safety At Healthcare Institutions. Retrieved 28/04/2008, from WHO Secretariat report (2002). Quality of care: patient safety. Retrieved 30/04/2008, from Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). Patient Safety and Quality Improvement. Washington DC: Federal Register. Vol.73 (29): 8112-8183. Health Grades Inc. (2006). Third Annual Patient Safety in American Hospital Study. Golden, Colorado. Bruke, J. P. (2006). Infection Control A Problem for Patient Safety. The New England Journal of Medicine, 348 (7), 651-656. Armstrong. K J. and Laschinger H (2006). Structural Empowerment, Magnet Hospital Characteristics, and Patient Safety Culture: Making the Link. J Nurs Care Qual, 21 (2), 124-132. Duthie E, Favreau B, Ruperto A et al. (2004). Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Medication Errors: The New York Experience. Advances in Patient Safety, Vol. 1, 131-144. Adamski P (2005). Medication Management: A patient safety priority. Nurs Manag, 36 (10), 14. Davis T C. Wolf M S. Bass P F. et al (2006). Literacy and Misunderstanding Prescription Drug Labels. Annals of Internal Medicine, 145 (12), 887-894. Reiling J G. (2005). Creating a Culture of Patient Safety through Innovative Hospital Design. Advances in Patient Safety, Vol. 2, 425-439 Johnson T R., Zhang J., Patel V L. et al (2004). The Role of Patient Safety in the Device Purchasing Process. Advances in Patient Safety, Vol. 1, 341-352. Rothschild J M., Landrigan, C P., Cornin J W. et al (2005). The Critical Care Safety Study: The Incidence and Nature of Adverse Events and Serious Medical Errors in Intensive Care. Crit Care Med, 33 (8), 1694-1700. Kho M E, Carbone J M, Lucas J and Cook D J (2005). Safety Climate Survey: reliability of results from a multicenter ICU survey. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 14, 273-278. Chang, S.Y., Multz, A. S. and Hall, J. B (2005). Critical Care Organization. Critical Care Clinics. Vol. 21 (5), 43-53 Cook R I. Render M. and Woods D. D (2000). Gaps in the continuity of care and progress on patient safety. BMJ, 320 (7237), 791-794. Amalberti, A, Auroy, Y, Berwick, D and Barach, P (2005). Five System Barriers to Achieving Ultrasfe Health care. Annals of Internal Medicine. Vol. 142 (9), 756-764 Wilson, A R., Dowd, B E. and Kralweski, J E. (2005). Patient Safety Research in Medical Group Practices: Measurement and Data Challenges. Advances in Patient Safety, Vol. 2, 51-62 Woolf, S H. (2004). Patient Safety Is Not Enough: Targeting Quality Improvements To Optimize the Health of the Population. Ann Inter Med, Vol. 140, 33-36 Baxter, S K and Brumfitt, SM (2008). Benefits and Losses: a qualitative study exploring healthcare staff perception of teamworking. Quality and Safety in Health Care, Vol.17, 127-130 Pstay, B M. and Bruke, S P. (2006). Protecting the Health of the Public: Institute of Medicine Recommendations on Drug Safety. The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 355, 1753-1755

The Function of the Chorus in Henry V Essay -- Papers Shakespeare Essa

The Function of the Chorus in Henry V "O for a muse of fire," The Chorus introduces the start of Henry V with imagery of flames and war. Shakespeare uses the Chorus to initiate the play and summarise each act to the audience before the next one begins. He is merely a tool to avoid the audience getting too confused. The function for the chorus is merely a practical one, by summarising the plot at every available opportunity; there is little chance for confusion, even if the audience do have to use their imagination. But, we must ask ourselves, if this was Shakespeare's only reason for including the Chorus, why does he not use a similar device in his other plays? Surely in all of his plays the audience have to imagine the setting (the stage of the globe was set in the round, and so had no room for large props and scenery), and many of his plays have more complex plots than this one, so why do we need the Chorus? The answer is the Chorus puts across a very clear view of warfare and Henry's kingship. It is a very romantic, idealised view, which uses over-zealous language, such as "two mighty monarchies" to create a strong glorified impact on the audience. They are building up the audience's expectations of this to be a mighty, glorious play. The use of the imagery of flames and fire repeats itself throughout the Chorus's scenes. "O for a muse of fire" is the very first line, which immediately conjures up a grand image. Flames represent war, but are also a typical representation of courage and bravery. When the Chorus says, "the youth of England are on fire," it imposes upon the audience the idea of keen anticipation and excit... ...nch of salt and are not really to be trusted. Certain productions of Henry V do glorify war, for example Laurence Olivier's production in the 1940's painted a beautiful, majestic picture of war, However after analysing the role of the Chorus in the play, I do not believe this play is a glorification of warfare. Henry's leadership is romanticised in the play considerably more than the idea of warfare. Productions such as Kenneth Brannagh's creation paint a far more realistic view of war, as a bloody, filthy affair. This is more what I feel the subtext of the play is. War is not really idealised in this play, it can be taken as being glorified, but because of Shakespeare's use of the structure of the play, and the Chorus's propaganda fabrications, the character of the Chorus does not in any way add to this glorification.